如何在php中创建安全的mysql预准备语句？

php security mysql

2022-08-30 15:33:57

我是在mysql中将预准备语句与php一起使用的新手。我需要一些帮助来创建预准备语句来检索列。

我需要从不同的列中获取信息。目前对于测试文件，我使用完全不安全的SQL语句：

$qry = "SELECT * FROM mytable where userid='{$_GET['userid']}' AND category='{$_GET['category']}'ORDER BY id DESC"
$result = mysql_query($qry) or die(mysql_error());

有人可以帮助我使用准备的url参数（如上所述）的输入创建安全的mysql语句吗？

奖励：准备好的语句也应该提高速度。如果我只在一个页面上使用预准备语句三到四次，它会提高整体速度吗？

答案 1

下面是一个使用mysqli（对象语法 - 如果你愿意，很容易转换为函数语法）的示例：

$db = new mysqli("host","user","pw","database");
$stmt = $db->prepare("SELECT * FROM mytable where userid=? AND category=? ORDER BY id DESC");
$stmt->bind_param('ii', intval($_GET['userid']), intval($_GET['category']));
$stmt->execute();

$stmt->store_result();
$stmt->bind_result($column1, $column2, $column3);

while($stmt->fetch())
{
    echo "col1=$column1, col2=$column2, col3=$column3 \n";
}

$stmt->close();

此外，如果您想要一种简单的方法来获取关联数组（用于 SELECT *），而不必准确指定要绑定到的变量，这里有一个方便的函数：

function stmt_bind_assoc (&$stmt, &$out) {
    $data = mysqli_stmt_result_metadata($stmt);
    $fields = array();
    $out = array();

    $fields[0] = $stmt;
    $count = 1;

    while($field = mysqli_fetch_field($data)) {
        $fields[$count] = &$out[$field->name];
        $count++;
    }
    call_user_func_array(mysqli_stmt_bind_result, $fields);
}

要使用它，只需调用它而不是调用bind_result：

$stmt->store_result();

$resultrow = array();
stmt_bind_assoc($stmt, $resultrow);

while($stmt->fetch())
{
    print_r($resultrow);
}

答案 2

你可以写这个：

$qry = "SELECT * FROM mytable where userid='";
$qry.= mysql_real_escape_string($_GET['userid'])."' AND category='";
$qry.= mysql_real_escape_string($_GET['category'])."' ORDER BY id DESC";

但是要使用预准备语句，最好使用泛型库，如PDO

<?php
/* Execute a prepared statement by passing an array of values */
$sth = $dbh->prepare('SELECT * FROM mytable where userid=? and category=? 
                      order by id DESC');
$sth->execute(array($_GET['userid'],$_GET['category']));
//Consider a while and $sth->fetch() to fetch rows one by one
$allRows = $sth->fetchAll(); 
?>

或者，使用 mysqli

<?php
$link = mysqli_connect("localhost", "my_user", "my_password", "world");

/* check connection */
if (mysqli_connect_errno()) {
    printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error());
    exit();
}

$category = $_GET['category'];
$userid = $_GET['userid'];

/* create a prepared statement */
if ($stmt = mysqli_prepare($link, 'SELECT col1, col2 FROM mytable where 
                      userid=? and category=? order by id DESC')) {
    /* bind parameters for markers */
    /* Assumes userid is integer and category is string */
    mysqli_stmt_bind_param($stmt, "is", $userid, $category);  
    /* execute query */
    mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt);
    /* bind result variables */
    mysqli_stmt_bind_result($stmt, $col1, $col2);
    /* fetch value */
    mysqli_stmt_fetch($stmt);
    /* Alternative, use a while:
    while (mysqli_stmt_fetch($stmt)) {
        // use $col1 and $col2 
    }
    */
    /* use $col1 and $col2 */
    echo "COL1: $col1 COL2: $col2\n";
    /* close statement */
    mysqli_stmt_close($stmt);
}

/* close connection */
mysqli_close($link);
?>