更新 2017-01-14：实施了更正确的方法

简单示例：

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Notification;
use App\Notifications\SomethingCoolHappen;

Route::get('/step1', function () {
    // example - my followers
    $followers = App\User::all();

    // notify them
    Notification::send($followers, new SomethingCoolHappen(['arg1' => 1, 'arg2' => 2]));
});

Route::get('/step2', function () {
    // my follower
    $user = App\User::find(10);

    // check unread subnotifications
    foreach ($user->unreadSubnotifications as $subnotification) {
        var_dump($subnotification->notification->data);
        $subnotification->markAsRead();
    }
});

如何使它工作？

步骤 1 - 迁移 - 创建表（子通知）

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;

class CreateSubnotificationsTable extends Migration
{
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('subnotifications', function (Blueprint $table) {
            // primary key
            $table->increments('id')->primary();

            // notifications.id
            $table->uuid('notification_id');

            // notifiable_id and notifiable_type
            $table->morphs('notifiable');

            // follower - read_at
            $table->timestamp('read_at')->nullable();
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('subnotifications');
    }
}

步骤 2 - 让我们为新的子注释表创建一个模型

<?php
// App\Notifications\Subnotification.php
namespace App\Notifications;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Notifications\DatabaseNotification;
use Illuminate\Notifications\DatabaseNotificationCollection;

class Subnotification extends Model
{
    // we don't use created_at/updated_at
    public $timestamps = false;

    // nothing guarded - mass assigment allowed
    protected $guarded = [];

    // cast read_at as datetime
    protected $casts = [
        'read_at' => 'datetime',
    ];

    // set up relation to the parent notification
    public function notification()
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(DatabaseNotification::class);
    }

    /**
     * Get the notifiable entity that the notification belongs to.
     */
    public function notifiable()
    {
        return $this->morphTo();
    }

    /**
     * Mark the subnotification as read.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function markAsRead()
    {
        if (is_null($this->read_at)) {
            $this->forceFill(['read_at' => $this->freshTimestamp()])->save();
        }
    }
}

步骤 3 - 创建自定义数据库通知通道
更新：使用静态变量 $map 保留第一个通知 ID 并插入下一个通知（使用相同的数据），而无需在表中创建记录notifications

<?php
// App\Channels\SubnotificationsChannel.php
namespace App\Channels;

use Illuminate\Notifications\DatabaseNotification;
use Illuminate\Notifications\Notification;

class SubnotificationsChannel
{
    /**
     * Send the given notification.
     *
     * @param  mixed                                  $notifiable
     * @param  \Illuminate\Notifications\Notification $notification
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function send($notifiable, Notification $notification)
    {
        static $map = [];

        $notificationId = $notification->id;

        // get notification data
        $data = $this->getData($notifiable, $notification);

        // calculate hash
        $hash = md5(json_encode($data));

        // if hash is not in map - create parent notification record
        if (!isset($map[$hash])) {
            // create original notification record with empty notifiable_id
            DatabaseNotification::create([
                'id'              => $notificationId,
                'type'            => get_class($notification),
                'notifiable_id'   => 0,
                'notifiable_type' => get_class($notifiable),
                'data'            => $data,
                'read_at'         => null,
            ]);

            $map[$hash] = $notificationId;
        } else {
            // otherwise use another/first notification id
            $notificationId = $map[$hash];
        }

        // create subnotification
        $notifiable->subnotifications()->create([
            'notification_id' => $notificationId,
            'read_at'         => null
        ]);
    }

    /**
     * Prepares data
     *
     * @param mixed                                  $notifiable
     * @param \Illuminate\Notifications\Notification $notification
     *
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getData($notifiable, Notification $notification)
    {
        return $notification->toArray($notifiable);
    }
}

步骤 4 - 创建通知
更新：现在通知支持所有通道，而不仅仅是子通知

<?php
// App\Notifications\SomethingCoolHappen.php
namespace App\Notifications;

use App\Channels\SubnotificationsChannel;
use Illuminate\Bus\Queueable;
use Illuminate\Notifications\Notification;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
use Illuminate\Notifications\Messages\MailMessage;

class SomethingCoolHappen extends Notification
{
    use Queueable;

    protected $data;

    /**
     * Create a new notification instance.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function __construct($data)
    {
        $this->data = $data;
    }

    /**
     * Get the notification's delivery channels.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $notifiable
     * @return array
     */
    public function via($notifiable)
    {
        /**
         * THIS IS A GOOD PLACE FOR DETERMINING NECESSARY CHANNELS
         */
        $via = [];
        $via[] = SubnotificationsChannel::class;
        //$via[] = 'mail';
        return $via;
    }

    /**
     * Get the mail representation of the notification.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $notifiable
     * @return \Illuminate\Notifications\Messages\MailMessage
     */
    public function toMail($notifiable)
    {
        return (new MailMessage)
                    ->line('The introduction to the notification.')
                    ->action('Notification Action', 'https://laravel.com')
                    ->line('Thank you for using our application!');
    }

    /**
     * Get the array representation of the notification.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $notifiable
     * @return array
     */
    public function toArray($notifiable)
    {
        return $this->data;
    }
}

第5步 - “追随者”的帮助者特征

<?php
// App\Notifications\HasSubnotifications.php
namespace App\Notifications;

trait HasSubnotifications
{
    /**
     * Get the entity's notifications.
     */
    public function Subnotifications()
    {
        return $this->morphMany(Subnotification::class, 'notifiable')
            ->orderBy('id', 'desc');
    }

    /**
     * Get the entity's read notifications.
     */
    public function readSubnotifications()
    {
        return $this->Subnotifications()
            ->whereNotNull('read_at');
    }

    /**
     * Get the entity's unread notifications.
     */
    public function unreadSubnotifications()
    {
        return $this->Subnotifications()
            ->whereNull('read_at');
    }
}

步骤6 - 更新您的用户模型
更新：不需要关注者方法

namespace App;

use App\Notifications\HasSubnotifications;
use Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;

class User extends Authenticatable
{
    use Notifiable;

    /**
     * Adding helpers to followers:
     *
     * $user->subnotifications - all subnotifications
     * $user->unreadSubnotifications - all unread subnotifications
     * $user->readSubnotifications - all read subnotifications
     */
    use HasSubnotifications;

    /**
     * The attributes that are mass assignable.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $fillable = [
        'name', 'email', 'password',
    ];

    /**
     * The attributes that should be hidden for arrays.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $hidden = [
        'password', 'remember_token',
    ];
}

是的，你是对的，我想使用默认特征，你可以创建自定义频道。Notifiable

您可以检查该类是否默认创建，并将其采用到数据透视表。Illuminate\Notifications\Channels\DatabaseChannel

希望这有助于创建一个带有数据透视表的新通道。此外，实现一个特征（或类似的名称）到你自己的特征。HasDatabasePivotNotificationsNotifiable