将 Unicode 标点符号替换为 ASCII 近似值

2022-09-01 20:42:17

我正在阅读Java程序中的一些文本文件,并希望用ASCII近似值替换一些Unicode字符。这些文件最终将被分解成句子,这些句子被提供给OpenNLP。OpenNLP无法识别Unicode字符,并且在许多符号上给出了不正确的结果(它将“girl's”标记为“girl”和“'s”,但如果它是Unicode引用,则将其视为单个令牌)。

例如,源句子可能包含Unicode方向引用U2018('),我想将其转换为U0027(')。最终,我将剥离剩余的 Unicode。

我知道我正在丢失信息,我知道我可以编写正则表达式来转换这些符号中的每一个,但我问是否有代码可以重用来转换其中一些符号。

这是我能做的,但我相信我会犯错误/错过事情/等等:

    // double quotation (")
    replacements.add(new Replacement(Pattern.compile("[\u201c\u201d\u201e\u201f\u275d\u275e]"), "\""));

    // single quotation (')
    replacements.add(new Replacement(Pattern.compile("[\u2018\u2019\u201a\u201b\u275b\u275c]"), "'"));

替换是一个自定义类,我稍后会运行该类并应用替换项。

    for (Replacement replacement : replacements) {
         text = replacement.pattern.matcher(text).replaceAll(r.replacement);
    }

如您所见,我必须找到:

  • 左单引号
  • 右单引号
  • 单个LOW-9引号(这是什么/我应该替换这个吗?
  • 单个高反转-9引号(这是什么/我应该替换这个吗?

答案 1

答案 2

我遵循@marek-stoj的链接,并创建了一个Scala应用程序,该应用程序在保持字符串长度的同时清除了unicode的字符串。它删除了音调符号(重音符号),并使用 @marek-stoj 建议的映射将非 Ascii unicode 字符转换为其 ascii 近似值。

import java.text.Normalizer

object Asciifier {
  def apply(string: String) = {
    var cleaned = string
      for ((unicode, ascii) <- substitutions) {
        cleaned = cleaned.replaceAll(unicode, ascii)
      }

    // convert diacritics to a two-character form (NFD)
    // http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/i18n/text/normalizerapi.html
    cleaned = Normalizer.normalize(cleaned, Normalizer.Form.NFD)

    // remove all characters that combine with the previous character
    // to form a diacritic.  Also remove control characters.
    // http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/util/regex/Pattern.html
    cleaned.replaceAll("[\\p{InCombiningDiacriticalMarks}\\p{Cntrl}]", "")

    // size must not change
    require(cleaned.size == string.size)

    cleaned
  }

  val substitutions = Set(
      (0x00AB, '"'),
      (0x00AD, '-'),
      (0x00B4, '\''),
      (0x00BB, '"'),
      (0x00F7, '/'),
      (0x01C0, '|'),
      (0x01C3, '!'),
      (0x02B9, '\''),
      (0x02BA, '"'),
      (0x02BC, '\''),
      (0x02C4, '^'),
      (0x02C6, '^'),
      (0x02C8, '\''),
      (0x02CB, '`'),
      (0x02CD, '_'),
      (0x02DC, '~'),
      (0x0300, '`'),
      (0x0301, '\''),
      (0x0302, '^'),
      (0x0303, '~'),
      (0x030B, '"'),
      (0x030E, '"'),
      (0x0331, '_'),
      (0x0332, '_'),
      (0x0338, '/'),
      (0x0589, ':'),
      (0x05C0, '|'),
      (0x05C3, ':'),
      (0x066A, '%'),
      (0x066D, '*'),
      (0x200B, ' '),
      (0x2010, '-'),
      (0x2011, '-'),
      (0x2012, '-'),
      (0x2013, '-'),
      (0x2014, '-'),
      (0x2015, '-'),
      (0x2016, '|'),
      (0x2017, '_'),
      (0x2018, '\''),
      (0x2019, '\''),
      (0x201A, ','),
      (0x201B, '\''),
      (0x201C, '"'),
      (0x201D, '"'),
      (0x201E, '"'),
      (0x201F, '"'),
      (0x2032, '\''),
      (0x2033, '"'),
      (0x2034, '\''),
      (0x2035, '`'),
      (0x2036, '"'),
      (0x2037, '\''),
      (0x2038, '^'),
      (0x2039, '<'),
      (0x203A, '>'),
      (0x203D, '?'),
      (0x2044, '/'),
      (0x204E, '*'),
      (0x2052, '%'),
      (0x2053, '~'),
      (0x2060, ' '),
      (0x20E5, '\\'),
      (0x2212, '-'),
      (0x2215, '/'),
      (0x2216, '\\'),
      (0x2217, '*'),
      (0x2223, '|'),
      (0x2236, ':'),
      (0x223C, '~'),
      (0x2264, '<'),
      (0x2265, '>'),
      (0x2266, '<'),
      (0x2267, '>'),
      (0x2303, '^'),
      (0x2329, '<'),
      (0x232A, '>'),
      (0x266F, '#'),
      (0x2731, '*'),
      (0x2758, '|'),
      (0x2762, '!'),
      (0x27E6, '['),
      (0x27E8, '<'),
      (0x27E9, '>'),
      (0x2983, '{'),
      (0x2984, '}'),
      (0x3003, '"'),
      (0x3008, '<'),
      (0x3009, '>'),
      (0x301B, ']'),
      (0x301C, '~'),
      (0x301D, '"'),
      (0x301E, '"'),
      (0xFEFF, ' ')).map { case (unicode, ascii) => (unicode.toChar.toString, ascii.toString) }
}

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