具有 gson 的多态性

这有点晚了，但我今天不得不做同样的事情。因此，根据我的研究，当使用gson-2.0时，你真的不想使用registerTypeHierarchyAdapter方法，而是更平凡的registerTypeAdapter。当然，您不需要为派生类执行 instanceof 或编写适配器：只需为基类或接口编写一个适配器，当然前提是您对派生类的默认序列化感到满意。无论如何，这是代码（删除了包和导入）（在github中也可用）：

基类（在我的例子中是接口）：

public interface IAnimal { public String sound(); }

两个派生类 Cat：

public class Cat implements IAnimal {

    public String name;

    public Cat(String name) {
        super();
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String sound() {
        return name + " : \"meaow\"";
    };
}

和狗：

public class Dog implements IAnimal {

    public String name;
    public int ferocity;

    public Dog(String name, int ferocity) {
        super();
        this.name = name;
        this.ferocity = ferocity;
    }

    @Override
    public String sound() {
        return name + " : \"bark\" (ferocity level:" + ferocity + ")";
    }
}

The IAnimalAdapter:

public class IAnimalAdapter implements JsonSerializer<IAnimal>, JsonDeserializer<IAnimal>{

    private static final String CLASSNAME = "CLASSNAME";
    private static final String INSTANCE  = "INSTANCE";

    @Override
    public JsonElement serialize(IAnimal src, Type typeOfSrc,
            JsonSerializationContext context) {

        JsonObject retValue = new JsonObject();
        String className = src.getClass().getName();
        retValue.addProperty(CLASSNAME, className);
        JsonElement elem = context.serialize(src); 
        retValue.add(INSTANCE, elem);
        return retValue;
    }

    @Override
    public IAnimal deserialize(JsonElement json, Type typeOfT,
            JsonDeserializationContext context) throws JsonParseException  {
        JsonObject jsonObject = json.getAsJsonObject();
        JsonPrimitive prim = (JsonPrimitive) jsonObject.get(CLASSNAME);
        String className = prim.getAsString();

        Class<?> klass = null;
        try {
            klass = Class.forName(className);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new JsonParseException(e.getMessage());
        }
        return context.deserialize(jsonObject.get(INSTANCE), klass);
    }
}

和测试类：

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        IAnimal animals[] = new IAnimal[]{new Cat("Kitty"), new Dog("Brutus", 5)};
        Gson gsonExt = null;
        {
            GsonBuilder builder = new GsonBuilder();
            builder.registerTypeAdapter(IAnimal.class, new IAnimalAdapter());
            gsonExt = builder.create();
        }
        for (IAnimal animal : animals) {
            String animalJson = gsonExt.toJson(animal, IAnimal.class);
            System.out.println("serialized with the custom serializer:" + animalJson);
            IAnimal animal2 = gsonExt.fromJson(animalJson, IAnimal.class);
            System.out.println(animal2.sound());
        }
    }
}

当您运行 Test：：main 时，您将获得以下输出：

serialized with the custom serializer:
{"CLASSNAME":"com.synelixis.caches.viz.json.playground.plainAdapter.Cat","INSTANCE":{"name":"Kitty"}}
Kitty : "meaow"
serialized with the custom serializer:
{"CLASSNAME":"com.synelixis.caches.viz.json.playground.plainAdapter.Dog","INSTANCE":{"name":"Brutus","ferocity":5}}
Brutus : "bark" (ferocity level:5)

我实际上也使用registerTypeHierarchyAdapter方法完成了上述操作，但这似乎需要实现自定义DogAdapter和CatAdapter序列化程序/反序列化程序类，每当您想要向Dog或Cat添加另一个字段时，维护起来都很痛苦。

Gson 目前有一种机制来注册一个类型层次结构适配器，据报道，该适配器可以配置为简单的多态反序列化，但我不明白情况如何，因为类型层次结构适配器似乎只是一个组合的序列化程序/反序列化程序/实例创建者，将实例创建的详细信息留给编码人员，而不提供任何实际的多态类型注册。

看起来Gson很快就会有更简单的多态反序列化。有关详细信息，请参阅 http://code.google.com/p/google-gson/issues/detail?id=231。RuntimeTypeAdapter

如果无法使用新的，并且您必须使用Gson，那么我认为您必须推出自己的解决方案，将自定义反序列化程序注册为类型层次结构适配器或类型适配器。下面是一个这样的例子。RuntimeTypeAdapter

// output:
//     Starting machine1
//     Stopping machine2

import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import com.google.gson.FieldNamingPolicy;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
import com.google.gson.JsonDeserializationContext;
import com.google.gson.JsonDeserializer;
import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;

public class Foo
{
  // [{"machine_name":"machine1","command":"start"},{"machine_name":"machine2","command":"stop"}]
  static String jsonInput = "[{\"machine_name\":\"machine1\",\"command\":\"start\"},{\"machine_name\":\"machine2\",\"command\":\"stop\"}]";

  public static void main(String[] args)
  {
    GsonBuilder gsonBuilder = new GsonBuilder();
    gsonBuilder.setFieldNamingPolicy(FieldNamingPolicy.LOWER_CASE_WITH_UNDERSCORES);
    CommandDeserializer deserializer = new CommandDeserializer("command");
    deserializer.registerCommand("start", Start.class);
    deserializer.registerCommand("stop", Stop.class);
    gsonBuilder.registerTypeAdapter(Command.class, deserializer);
    Gson gson = gsonBuilder.create();
    Command[] commands = gson.fromJson(jsonInput, Command[].class);
    for (Command command : commands)
    {
      command.execute();
    }
  }
}

class CommandDeserializer implements JsonDeserializer<Command>
{
  String commandElementName;
  Gson gson;
  Map<String, Class<? extends Command>> commandRegistry;

  CommandDeserializer(String commandElementName)
  {
    this.commandElementName = commandElementName;
    GsonBuilder gsonBuilder = new GsonBuilder();
    gsonBuilder.setFieldNamingPolicy(FieldNamingPolicy.LOWER_CASE_WITH_UNDERSCORES);
    gson = gsonBuilder.create();
    commandRegistry = new HashMap<String, Class<? extends Command>>();
  }

  void registerCommand(String command, Class<? extends Command> commandInstanceClass)
  {
    commandRegistry.put(command, commandInstanceClass);
  }

  @Override
  public Command deserialize(JsonElement json, Type typeOfT, JsonDeserializationContext context)
      throws JsonParseException
  {
    try
    {
      JsonObject commandObject = json.getAsJsonObject();
      JsonElement commandTypeElement = commandObject.get(commandElementName);
      Class<? extends Command> commandInstanceClass = commandRegistry.get(commandTypeElement.getAsString());
      Command command = gson.fromJson(json, commandInstanceClass);
      return command;
    }
    catch (Exception e)
    {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }
}

abstract class Command
{
  String machineName;

  Command(String machineName)
  {
    this.machineName = machineName;
  }

  abstract void execute();
}

class Stop extends Command
{
  Stop(String machineName)
  {
    super(machineName);
  }

  void execute()
  {
    System.out.println("Stopping " + machineName);
  }
}

class Start extends Command
{
  Start(String machineName)
  {
    super(machineName);
  }

  void execute()
  {
    System.out.println("Starting " + machineName);
  }
}