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重写为 MVC 后 GUI 不起作用

model-view-controller user-interface java swing
2022-08-31 08:24:09

我正在练习MVC风格的编程。我在单个文件中有一个Mastermind游戏，工作正常（也许除了“检查”按钮在开始时不可见的事实）。

http://paste.pocoo.org/show/226726/

但是，当我将其重写为模型，视图，控制器文件时 - 当我单击空的Pin（应该更新，并用新颜色重新绘制）时 - 注意会发生。任何人都可以在这里看到任何问题吗？我尝试过将repaint（）放在不同的地方，但它根本不起作用：/

主要：

public class Main { 
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Model model = new Model();
        View view = new View("Mastermind", 400, 590, model);
        Controller controller = new Controller(model, view); 
        view.setVisible(true);
    }
}

型：

import java.util.Random;

public class Model{
    static final int
    LINE = 5,
    SCORE = 10, OPTIONS = 20;
    Pin pins[][] = new Pin[21][LINE];
    int combination[] = new int[LINE];
    int curPin = 0;
    int turn = 1;
    Random generator = new Random();
    int repaintPin;
    boolean pinsRepaint=false;
    int pinsToRepaint;
    boolean isUpdate = true, isPlaying = true, isRowFull = false;
    static final int HIT_X[] = {270,290,310,290,310}, HIT_Y[] = {506,496,496,516,516};

    public Model(){

        for ( int i=0; i < SCORE; i++ ){
            for ( int j = 0; j < LINE; j++ ){
                pins[i][j] = new Pin(20,0);
                pins[i][j].setPosition(j*50+30,510-i*50);
                pins[i+SCORE][j] = new Pin(8,0);
                pins[i+SCORE][j].setPosition(HIT_X[j],HIT_Y[j]-i*50);
            }
        }
        for ( int i=0; i < LINE; i++ ){
            pins[OPTIONS][i] = new Pin( 20, i+2 );
            pins[OPTIONS][i].setPosition( 370,i * 50 + 56);
        }

    }

    void fillHole(int color) {
        pins[turn-1][curPin].setColor(color+1);
        pinsRepaint = true;
        pinsToRepaint = turn;
        curPin = (curPin+1) % LINE;
        if (curPin == 0){
            isRowFull = true;
        }
        pinsRepaint = false;
        pinsToRepaint = 0;
    }

    void check() {
        int junkPins[] = new int[LINE], junkCode[] = new int[LINE];
        int pinCount = 0, pico = 0;

        for ( int i = 0; i < LINE; i++ ) {
            junkPins[i] = pins[turn-1][i].getColor();
            junkCode[i] = combination[i];
        }
        for ( int i = 0; i < LINE; i++ ){
            if (junkPins[i]==junkCode[i]) {
                pins[turn+SCORE][pinCount].setColor(1);
                pinCount++;
                pico++;
                junkPins[i] = 98;
                junkCode[i] = 99;
            }
        }
        for ( int i = 0; i < LINE; i++ ){
            for ( int j = 0; j < LINE; j++ )
                if (junkPins[i]==junkCode[j]) {
                    pins[turn+SCORE][pinCount].setColor(2);
                    pinCount++;
                    junkPins[i] = 98;
                    junkCode[j] = 99;
                    j = LINE;
            }
        }
        pinsRepaint = true;
        pinsToRepaint = turn + SCORE;
        pinsRepaint = false;
        pinsToRepaint=0;

        if ( pico == LINE ){
            isPlaying = false;
        }
        else if ( turn >= 10 ){
                isPlaying = false;
        }
        else{
            curPin = 0;
            isRowFull = false;
            turn++;
        }
    }

    void combination() {
        for ( int i = 0; i < LINE; i++ ){
          combination[i] = generator.nextInt(6) + 1;
        }
    }
}

class Pin{
    private int color, X, Y, radius;

    public Pin(){
        X = 0; Y = 0; radius = 0; color = 0;
    }

    public Pin( int r,int c ){
        X = 0; Y = 0; radius = r; color = c;
    }

    public int getX(){
        return X;
    }

    public int getY(){
        return Y;
    }

    public int getRadius(){
        return radius;
    }

    public void setRadius(int r){
        radius = r;
    }

    public void setPosition( int x,int y ){
        this.X = x ;
        this.Y = y ;
    }
    public void setColor( int c ){
        color = c;
    }
    public int getColor() {
        return color;
    }
}

视图：

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

public class View extends Frame{  
    Model model;
    JButton checkAnswer;
    private JPanel button;
    private static final Color COLORS[] = {Color.black, Color.white, Color.red, Color.yellow, Color.green, Color.blue, new Color(7, 254, 250)};

    public View(String name, int w, int h, Model m){
        model = m;
        setTitle( name );
        setSize( w,h );
        setResizable( false );
        this.setLayout(new BorderLayout());

        button = new JPanel();
        button.setSize( new Dimension(400, 100));
        button.setVisible(true);
        checkAnswer = new JButton("Check");
        checkAnswer.setSize( new Dimension(200, 30));
        button.add( checkAnswer );
        this.add( button, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        button.setVisible(true);
    }

    @Override
    public void paint( Graphics g ) {
        g.setColor( new Color(238, 238, 238));
        g.fillRect( 0,0,400,590);

        for ( int i=0; i < model.pins.length; i++ ) {
            paintPins(model.pins[i][0],g);
            paintPins(model.pins[i][1],g);
            paintPins(model.pins[i][2],g);
            paintPins(model.pins[i][3],g);
            paintPins(model.pins[i][4],g);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void update( Graphics g ) {
        if ( model.isUpdate ) {
            paint(g);
        }
        else {
            model.isUpdate = true;
            paintPins(model.pins[model.repaintPin-1][0],g);
            paintPins(model.pins[model.repaintPin-1][1],g);
            paintPins(model.pins[model.repaintPin-1][2],g);
            paintPins(model.pins[model.repaintPin-1][3],g);
            paintPins(model.pins[model.repaintPin-1][4],g);
        }
    }

    void repaintPins( int pin ) {
        model.repaintPin = pin;
        model.isUpdate = false;
        repaint();
    }

    public void paintPins(Pin p, Graphics g ){
        int X = p.getX();
        int Y = p.getY();
        int color = p.getColor();
        int radius = p.getRadius();
        int x = X-radius;
        int y = Y-radius;

        if (color > 0){
            g.setColor( COLORS[color]);
            g.fillOval( x,y,2*radius,2*radius );
        }
        else{
            g.setColor( new Color(238, 238, 238) );
            g.drawOval( x,y,2*radius-1,2*radius-1 );
        }
        g.setColor( Color.black );
        g.drawOval( x,y,2*radius,2*radius );
    }
}

控制器：

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class Controller implements MouseListener, ActionListener { 
    private Model model;
    private View view;

    public Controller(Model m, View v){ 
        model = m;
        view = v;

        view.addWindowListener( new WindowAdapter(){
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e){
            System.exit(0);
        } });
        view.addMouseListener(this);
        view.checkAnswer.addActionListener(this);
        model.combination();
    }

    public void actionPerformed( ActionEvent e ) {
        if(e.getSource() == view.checkAnswer){
            if(model.isRowFull){
                model.check();
            }
        }
    }

    public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
        Point mouse = new Point();

        mouse = e.getPoint();
        if (model.isPlaying){
            if (mouse.x > 350) {
                int button = 1 + (int)((mouse.y - 32) / 50);
                if ((button >= 1) && (button <= 5)){
                    model.fillHole(button);
                    if(model.pinsRepaint){
                        view.repaintPins( model.pinsToRepaint );
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {}
    public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e){}
    public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) {}
    public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e)  {}
}

答案 1

正如你所发现的，模型-视图-控制器模式不是灵丹妙药，但它提供了一些优点。根植于MVC，Swing可分离模型架构在A Swing Architecture概述中讨论。基于此大纲，以下示例显示了一个更简单的游戏的 MVC 实现，该游戏演示了类似的原则。请注意，管理单个 ，随机选择。为了响应用户的选择，将调用该方法，同时侦听来自 via 的响应。然后，使用从 中获取的信息自行更新。类似地，可以.特别是，在 中没有绘图，也没有游戏逻辑。这个稍微复杂一点的游戏旨在说明相同的概念。ModelPieceViewcheck()Modelupdate()ViewModelControllerreset()ModelModelView

附录：我修改了原始示例，以显示MVC如何允许在不改变.ViewModel

附录：正如@akf所观察到的，MVC取决于观察者模式。您需要一种方法来通知更改。有几种方法被广泛使用：ModelView

附录：有关 Swing 控制器的一些常见问题，请参阅此处和此处。

screen capture

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Component;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.RenderingHints;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.Observable;
import java.util.Observer;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.swing.Icon;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;

/**
 * @see http://stackoverflow.com/q/3066590/230513
 * @see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5274962
 */
public class MVCGame {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new MVCGame()::display);
    }

    public void display() {
        JFrame f = new JFrame();
        f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        f.add(new MainPanel());
        f.pack();
        f.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        f.setVisible(true);
    }
}

final class MainPanel extends JPanel {

    public MainPanel() {
        super(new BorderLayout());
        Model model = new Model();
        View view = new View(model);
        Control control = new Control(model, view);
        JLabel label = new JLabel("Guess what color!", JLabel.CENTER);
        this.add(label, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        this.add(view, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        this.add(control.createPanel(), BorderLayout.SOUTH);
    }
}

/**
 * Control panel
 */
final class Control {

    private final Model model;
    private final View view;
    private final JButton reset = new JButton("Reset");

    public Control(Model model, View view) {
        this.model = model;
        this.view = view;
    }

    public JPanel createPanel() {
        JPanel panel = new JPanel();
        panel.add(reset);
        reset.addActionListener(new ButtonHandler());
        return panel;
    }

    private class ButtonHandler implements ActionListener {

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            String cmd = e.getActionCommand();
            if ("Reset".equals(cmd)) {
                model.reset();
            }
        }
    }
}

/**
 * View
 */
final class View extends JPanel {

    private static final String PROMPT = "Click a button.";
    private final Model model;
    private final ColorIcon icon = new ColorIcon(80, Color.gray);
    private final JLabel label = new JLabel(PROMPT, icon, JLabel.CENTER);

    public View(Model model) {
        super(new BorderLayout());
        this.model = model;
        label.setVerticalTextPosition(JLabel.BOTTOM);
        label.setHorizontalTextPosition(JLabel.CENTER);
        this.add(label, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        this.add(genButtonPanel(), BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        model.addObserver(new ModelObserver());
    }

    private JPanel genButtonPanel() {
        JPanel panel = new JPanel();
        for (Piece p : Piece.values()) {
            PieceButton pb = new PieceButton(p);
            pb.addActionListener(new ButtonHandler());
            panel.add(pb);
        }
        return panel;
    }

    private class ModelObserver implements Observer {

        @Override
        public void update(Observable o, Object arg) {
            if (arg == null) {
                label.setText(PROMPT);
                icon.color = Color.gray;
            } else {
                if ((Boolean) arg) {
                    label.setText("Win!");
                } else {
                    label.setText("Keep trying.");
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private class ButtonHandler implements ActionListener {

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            PieceButton pb = (PieceButton) e.getSource();
            icon.color = pb.piece.color;
            label.repaint();
            model.check(pb.piece);
        }
    }

    private final static class PieceButton extends JButton {

        private Piece piece;

        public PieceButton(Piece piece) {
            this.piece = piece;
            this.setIcon(new ColorIcon(16, piece.color));
        }
    }

    private static class ColorIcon implements Icon {

        private final int size;
        private Color color;

        public ColorIcon(int size, Color color) {
            this.size = size;
            this.color = color;
        }

        @Override
        public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
            Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g;
            g2d.setRenderingHint(
                RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,
                RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
            g2d.setColor(color);
            g2d.fillOval(x, y, size, size);
        }

        @Override
        public int getIconWidth() {
            return size;
        }

        @Override
        public int getIconHeight() {
            return size;
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Model
 */
class Model extends Observable {

    private static final Random rnd = new Random();
    private static final Piece[] pieces = Piece.values();
    private Piece hidden = init();

    private Piece init() {
        return pieces[rnd.nextInt(pieces.length)];
    }

    public void reset() {
        hidden = init();
        setChanged();
        notifyObservers();
    }

    public void check(Piece guess) {
        setChanged();
        notifyObservers(guess.equals(hidden));
    }
}

enum Piece {

    Red(Color.red), Green(Color.green), Blue(Color.blue);
    public Color color;

    private Piece(Color color) {
        this.color = color;
    }
}

答案 2

在查看 Swing 时，设计人员在其 MVC 实现中始终如一地使用 View 组件更新的一种方法是通过 Observer/Observable 回调。一个例子可以在 中看到，它有多种方法可以提醒所有观察者注意模型。AbstractTableModelfireTable*Changed/Updated/etcTableModelListener

您有一个选项是向类中添加侦听器类型，然后通知已注册的观察者任何模组到模型的状态。你应该是一个监听器，它应该在收到更新后重新绘制自己。ModelView

编辑：+1到垃圾神。认为这是他解释的替代措辞。


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