在Java中将整数数组写入文件的最快方法是什么？

performance file-io java

2022-09-04 05:31:29

正如标题所说，我正在寻找将整数数组写入文件的最快方法。数组的大小会有所不同，并且实际上将包含 2500 到 25 000 000 个整数之间的任何位置。

以下是我目前使用的代码：

DataOutputStream writer = new DataOutputStream(new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filename)));

for (int d : data)
  writer.writeInt(d);

鉴于DataOutputStream有一个写入字节数组的方法，我尝试将int数组转换为字节数组，如下所示：

private static byte[] integersToBytes(int[] values) throws IOException {
    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(baos);
    for (int i = 0; i < values.length; ++i) {
        dos.writeInt(values[i]);
    }

    return baos.toByteArray();
}

就像这样：

private static byte[] integersToBytes2(int[] src) {
    int srcLength = src.length;
    byte[] dst = new byte[srcLength << 2];

    for (int i = 0; i < srcLength; i++) {
        int x = src[i];
        int j = i << 2;
        dst[j++] = (byte) ((x >>> 0) & 0xff);
        dst[j++] = (byte) ((x >>> 8) & 0xff);
        dst[j++] = (byte) ((x >>> 16) & 0xff);
        dst[j++] = (byte) ((x >>> 24) & 0xff);
    }
    return dst;
}

两者似乎都给出了轻微的速度提升，大约5%。我还没有对它们进行足够严格的测试来证实这一点。

是否有任何技术可以加快此文件写入操作，或者是否有 Java IO 写入性能最佳实践的相关指南？

答案 1

我看了三个选项：

用DataOutputStream;
使用（对于对象，即）;和ObjectOutputStreamSerializableint[]
用。FileChannel

结果是

DataOutputStream wrote 1,000,000 ints in 3,159.716 ms
ObjectOutputStream wrote 1,000,000 ints in 295.602 ms
FileChannel wrote 1,000,000 ints in 110.094 ms

所以NIO版本是最快的。它还具有允许编辑的优点，这意味着您可以轻松更改一个int，而这需要读取整个数组，对其进行修改并将其写出到文件中。ObjectOutputStream

代码如下：

private static final int NUM_INTS = 1000000;

interface IntWriter {
  void write(int[] ints);
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
  int[] ints = new int[NUM_INTS];
  Random r = new Random();
  for (int i=0; i<NUM_INTS; i++) {
    ints[i] = r.nextInt();
  }
  time("DataOutputStream", new IntWriter() {
    public void write(int[] ints) {
      storeDO(ints);
    }
  }, ints);
  time("ObjectOutputStream", new IntWriter() {
    public void write(int[] ints) {
      storeOO(ints);
    }
  }, ints);
  time("FileChannel", new IntWriter() {
    public void write(int[] ints) {
      storeFC(ints);
    }
  }, ints);
}

private static void time(String name, IntWriter writer, int[] ints) {
  long start = System.nanoTime();
  writer.write(ints);
  long end = System.nanoTime();
  double ms = (end - start) / 1000000d;
  System.out.printf("%s wrote %,d ints in %,.3f ms%n", name, ints.length, ms);
}

private static void storeOO(int[] ints) {
  ObjectOutputStream out = null;
  try {
    out = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("object.out"));
    out.writeObject(ints);
  } catch (IOException e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  } finally {
    safeClose(out);
  }
}

private static void storeDO(int[] ints) {
  DataOutputStream out = null;
  try {
    out = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("data.out"));
    for (int anInt : ints) {
      out.write(anInt);
    }
  } catch (IOException e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  } finally {
    safeClose(out);
  }
}

private static void storeFC(int[] ints) {
  FileOutputStream out = null;
  try {
    out = new FileOutputStream("fc.out");
    FileChannel file = out.getChannel();
    ByteBuffer buf = file.map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_WRITE, 0, 4 * ints.length);
    for (int i : ints) {
      buf.putInt(i);
    }
    file.close();
  } catch (IOException e) {
    throw new RuntimeException(e);
  } finally {
    safeClose(out);
  }
}

private static void safeClose(OutputStream out) {
  try {
    if (out != null) {
      out.close();
    }
  } catch (IOException e) {
    // do nothing
  }
}

答案 2

我会使用从nio包和.这种方法似乎（在我的计算机上）使写入性能提高了2到4倍：FileChannelByteBuffer

程序输出：

normal time: 2555
faster time: 765

这是程序：

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

        // create a test buffer
        ByteBuffer buffer = createBuffer();

        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        {
            // do the first test (the normal way of writing files)
            normalToFile(new File("first"), buffer.asIntBuffer());
        }
        long middle = System.currentTimeMillis(); 
        {
            // use the faster nio stuff
            fasterToFile(new File("second"), buffer);
        }
        long done = System.currentTimeMillis();

        // print the result
        System.out.println("normal time: " + (middle - start));
        System.out.println("faster time: " + (done - middle));
    }

    private static void fasterToFile(File file, ByteBuffer buffer) 
    throws IOException {

        FileChannel fc = null;

        try {

            fc = new FileOutputStream(file).getChannel();
            fc.write(buffer);

        } finally {

            if (fc != null)
                fc.close();

            buffer.rewind();
        }
    }

    private static void normalToFile(File file, IntBuffer buffer) 
    throws IOException {

        DataOutputStream writer = null;

        try {
            writer = 
                new DataOutputStream(new BufferedOutputStream(
                        new FileOutputStream(file)));

            while (buffer.hasRemaining())
                writer.writeInt(buffer.get());

        } finally {
            if (writer != null)
                writer.close();

            buffer.rewind();
        }
    }

    private static ByteBuffer createBuffer() {
        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(4 * 25000000);
        Random r = new Random(1);

        while (buffer.hasRemaining()) 
            buffer.putInt(r.nextInt());

        buffer.rewind();

        return buffer;
    }
}