我最近了解了帕赛。它提供了其密码生成器类所需的必需功能。它随机生成满足要求的密码,类似于下面使用CharentRules而不是PasswordCharacterSets编写的密码,就像我在下面所做的那样。它不是保存未使用索引的列表以进行随机字符插入,而是在插入符合要求的字符后简单地随机排列字符缓冲区。
以下是之前遗留下来的,如果您的许可允许,我建议使用Passay,否则此代码应该可以正常工作,并详细说明为什么生成的密码在加密上很强
我最终写了两次这段代码。一次得到一个随机的字符结果,但事实证明字符的分布取决于字符集的大小(哎呀!我重写了它,现在你应该复制/粘贴代码,并将Main.java更改为你想要的字符集。虽然可以以不同的方式完成,但我认为这是获得正确结果的相对简单的方法,我鼓励重用,评论,批评和深思熟虑的编辑。
密码生成器代码的控件如下所示:
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最小/最大长度:使用随机数设置
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PasswordCharacterSet:假设传递到 PasswordGenerator 中的所有 PasswordCharacterSet 都由唯一的字符集组成,如果不是,则随机字符将偏向重复字符。
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密码字符集最小字符数:用于此字符集的最小字符数。
实际密码生成的主要位:
-
Random的随机性:我们使用的是SecureRandom,它由加密强大的PRNG支持,而不是不是的Random类。
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密码的随机字符顺序:pw char 数组的所有索引都添加到剩余的索引数组中。当我们调用 addRandomCharacters 时,它会随机删除一个索引,我们使用删除的索引来填充数组。
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随机字符:在 addRandomCharacters 中,从我们使用的字符索引中选择一个随机索引并将其添加到 pw 数组中。
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保证设置每种类型的最小字符数:我们只需先划分出最小字符量。我们从每个字符集中选择最小数量的随机值,然后继续前进。
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其余字符的随机分布:设置最小值后,我们希望使其余字符在所有字符集中随机分布。所有字符都添加到单个数组中。其余插槽将使用相同的策略填充前面的字符集。
密码复杂性的描述:密码复杂性通常以熵为单位进行讨论。以下是密钥空间的可能性数量:
至少有一个大写字母字符(共 26 个)、一个小写字母字符(共 26 个)、一个数字(共 10 个)和一个特殊字符(共 32 个),计算可能性数的方式是每个字符的可能性数乘以字符数,因为它们随机放置在字符串中。因此,我们知道其中四个角色的可能性是:
Required Characters = 26*26*10*32=216,320
所有剩余的字符各有 94 (26+26+10+32) 种可能性
我们的计算是:
Characters Possibilities Bits of Entropy
10 chars 216,320*94^6 = 149,232,631,038,033,920 ~2^57
11 chars 216,320*94^7 = 14,027,867,317,575,188,480 ~2^63
12 chars 216,320*94^8 = 1,318,619,527,852,067,717,120 ~2^70
13 chars 216,320*94^9 = 123,950,235,618,094,365,409,280 ~2^76
14 chars 216,320*94^10 = 11,651,322,148,100,870,348,472,320 ~2^83
请注意,如果您想要最安全的密码,则应始终选择尽可能多的字符,在这种情况下为14。
主要.java
package org.redtown.pw;
import java.util.EnumSet;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import org.redtown.pw.PasswordGenerator.PasswordCharacterSet;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Set<PasswordCharacterSet> values = new HashSet<PasswordCharacterSet>(EnumSet.allOf(SummerCharacterSets.class));
PasswordGenerator pwGenerator = new PasswordGenerator(values, 10, 14);
for(int i=0; i < 10; ++i) {
System.out.println(pwGenerator.generatePassword());
}
}
private static final char[] ALPHA_UPPER_CHARACTERS = { 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D',
'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q',
'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z' };
private static final char[] ALPHA_LOWER_CHARACTERS = { 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd',
'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q',
'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z' };
private static final char[] NUMERIC_CHARACTERS = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4',
'5', '6', '7', '8', '9' };
private static final char[] SPECIAL_CHARACTERS = { '~', '`', '!', '@', '#',
'$', '%', '^', '&', '*', '(', ')', '-', '_', '=', '+', '[', '{',
']', '}', '\\', '|', ';', ':', '\'', '"', ',', '<', '.', '>', '/',
'?' };
private enum SummerCharacterSets implements PasswordCharacterSet {
ALPHA_UPPER(ALPHA_UPPER_CHARACTERS, 1),
ALPHA_LOWER(ALPHA_LOWER_CHARACTERS, 1),
NUMERIC(NUMERIC_CHARACTERS, 1),
SPECIAL(SPECIAL_CHARACTERS, 1);
private final char[] chars;
private final int minUsage;
private SummerCharacterSets(char[] chars, int minUsage) {
this.chars = chars;
this.minUsage = minUsage;
}
@Override
public char[] getCharacters() {
return chars;
}
@Override
public int getMinCharacters() {
return minUsage;
}
}
}
密码生成器.java
package org.redtown.pw;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
public class PasswordGenerator {
private final List<PasswordCharacterSet> pwSets;
private final char[] allCharacters;
private final int minLength;
private final int maxLength;
private final int presetCharacterCount;
public PasswordGenerator(Collection<PasswordCharacterSet> origPwSets, int minLength, int maxLength) {
this.minLength = minLength;
this.maxLength = maxLength;
// Make a copy of the character arrays and min-values so they cannot be changed after initialization
int pwCharacters = 0;
int preallocatedCharacters = 0;
List<PasswordCharacterSet> pwSets = new ArrayList<PasswordCharacterSet>(origPwSets.size());
for(PasswordCharacterSet origpwSet : origPwSets) {
PasswordCharacterSet newPwSet = new PwSet(origpwSet);
pwSets.add(newPwSet);
pwCharacters += newPwSet.getCharacters().length;
preallocatedCharacters += newPwSet.getMinCharacters();
}
this.presetCharacterCount = preallocatedCharacters;
this.pwSets = Collections.unmodifiableList(pwSets);
if (minLength < presetCharacterCount) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Combined minimum lengths "
+ presetCharacterCount
+ " are greater than the minLength of " + minLength);
}
// Copy all characters into single array so we can evenly access all members when accessing this array
char[] allChars = new char[pwCharacters];
int currentIndex = 0;
for(PasswordCharacterSet pwSet : pwSets) {
char[] chars = pwSet.getCharacters();
System.arraycopy(chars, 0, allChars, currentIndex, chars.length);
currentIndex += chars.length;
}
this.allCharacters = allChars;
}
public char[] generatePassword() {
SecureRandom rand = new SecureRandom();
// Set pw length to minLength <= pwLength <= maxLength
int pwLength = minLength + rand.nextInt(maxLength - minLength + 1);
int randomCharacterCount = pwLength - presetCharacterCount;
// Place each index in an array then remove them randomly to assign positions in the pw array
List<Integer> remainingIndexes = new ArrayList<Integer>(pwLength);
for(int i=0; i < pwLength; ++i) {
remainingIndexes.add(i);
}
// Fill pw array
char[] pw = new char[pwLength];
for(PasswordCharacterSet pwSet : pwSets) {
addRandomCharacters(pw, pwSet.getCharacters(), pwSet.getMinCharacters(), remainingIndexes, rand);
}
addRandomCharacters(pw, allCharacters, randomCharacterCount, remainingIndexes, rand);
return pw;
}
private static void addRandomCharacters(char[] pw, char[] characterSet,
int numCharacters, List<Integer> remainingIndexes, Random rand) {
for(int i=0; i < numCharacters; ++i) {
// Get and remove random index from the remaining indexes
int pwIndex = remainingIndexes.remove(rand.nextInt(remainingIndexes.size()));
// Set random character from character index to pwIndex
int randCharIndex = rand.nextInt(characterSet.length);
pw[pwIndex] = characterSet[randCharIndex];
}
}
public static interface PasswordCharacterSet {
char[] getCharacters();
int getMinCharacters();
}
/**
* Defensive copy of a passed-in PasswordCharacterSet
*/
private static final class PwSet implements PasswordCharacterSet {
private final char[] chars;
private final int minChars;
public PwSet(PasswordCharacterSet pwSet) {
this.minChars = pwSet.getMinCharacters();
char[] pwSetChars = pwSet.getCharacters();
// Defensive copy
this.chars = Arrays.copyOf(pwSetChars, pwSetChars.length);
}
@Override
public char[] getCharacters() {
return chars;
}
@Override
public int getMinCharacters() {
return minChars;
}
}
}