静态秘密作为byte[]，Key还是String？

使用 JJWT >= 0.10.0，由于原始字符串和 Base64 编码字符串之间的混淆，已被弃用：signWith(SignatureAlgorithm var1, String var2)

/**
 * Signs the constructed JWT using the specified algorithm with the specified key, producing a JWS.
 *
 * <p>This is a convenience method: the string argument is first BASE64-decoded to a byte array and this resulting
 * byte array is used to invoke {@link #signWith(SignatureAlgorithm, byte[])}.</p>
 *
 * <h4>Deprecation Notice: Deprecated as of 0.10.0, will be removed in the 1.0 release.</h4>
 *
 * <p>This method has been deprecated because the {@code key} argument for this method can be confusing: keys for
 * cryptographic operations are always binary (byte arrays), and many people were confused as to how bytes were
 * obtained from the String argument.</p>
 *
 * <p>This method always expected a String argument that was effectively the same as the result of the following
 * (pseudocode):</p>
 *
 * <p>{@code String base64EncodedSecretKey = base64Encode(secretKeyBytes);}</p>
 *
 * <p>However, a non-trivial number of JJWT users were confused by the method signature and attempted to
 * use raw password strings as the key argument - for example {@code signWith(HS256, myPassword)} - which is
 * almost always incorrect for cryptographic hashes and can produce erroneous or insecure results.</p>
 *
 * <p>See this
 * <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40252903/static-secret-as-byte-key-or-string/40274325#40274325">
 * StackOverflow answer</a> explaining why raw (non-base64-encoded) strings are almost always incorrect for
 * signature operations.</p>
 *
 * <p>To perform the correct logic with base64EncodedSecretKey strings with JJWT >= 0.10.0, you may do this:
 * <pre><code>
 * byte[] keyBytes = {@link Decoders Decoders}.{@link Decoders#BASE64 BASE64}.{@link Decoder#decode(Object) decode(base64EncodedSecretKey)};
 * Key key = {@link Keys Keys}.{@link Keys#hmacShaKeyFor(byte[]) hmacShaKeyFor(keyBytes)};
 * jwtBuilder.signWith(key); //or {@link #signWith(Key, SignatureAlgorithm)}
 * </code></pre>
 * </p>
 *
 * <p>This method will be removed in the 1.0 release.</p>
 *
 * @param alg                    the JWS algorithm to use to digitally sign the JWT, thereby producing a JWS.
 * @param base64EncodedSecretKey the BASE64-encoded algorithm-specific signing key to use to digitally sign the
 *                               JWT.
 * @return the builder for method chaining.
 * @throws InvalidKeyException if the Key is insufficient or explicitly disallowed by the JWT specification as
 *                             described by {@link SignatureAlgorithm#forSigningKey(Key)}.
 * @deprecated as of 0.10.0: use {@link #signWith(Key)} or {@link #signWith(Key, SignatureAlgorithm)} instead.  This
 * method will be removed in the 1.0 release.
 */
JwtBuilder signWith(SignatureAlgorithm alg, String base64EncodedSecretKey);

此方法应将字符串参数设置为 Base64 编码的密钥字节数组。它不假定常规字符串（例如用户密码）作为签名密钥。JJWT 假定使用 Base64 编码，因为如果您指定的字符串密码不是 Base64 编码的，则可能使用的是格式不正确或较弱的密钥。

JWT JWA 规范要求 HMAC 签名密钥的长度等于或大于签名字节数组长度。

这意味着：

| If you're signing with: | your key (byte array) length MUST be: |
| ----------------------- | ------------------------------------- |
| HMAC SHA 256            | >= 256 bits (32 bytes)                |
| HMAC SHA 384            | >= 384 bits (48 bytes)                |
| HMAC SHA 512            | >= 512 bits (64 bytes)                |

许多在线JWT网站和工具只是犯了这个明显的错误 - 它们允许你认为你可以输入或使用任何旧字符串，你很好。有些人甚至用这个词预先填充了密钥（显然是一个坏主意，甚至不符合规范，因为它太短了！secret

为了帮助您简化操作，JJWT 提供了一个实用程序，可帮助您通过类的方法生成足够的安全随机密钥，这些密钥适合于符合规范的签名。例如：io.jsonwebtoken.security.KeyssecretKeyFor

//creates a spec-compliant secure-random key:
SecretKey key = Keys.secretKeyFor(SignatureAlgorithm.HS256); //or HS384 or HS512

如果要将生成的密钥存储为字符串，则可以使用 Base64 对其进行编码：

String base64Key = Encoders.BASE64.encode(key.getEncoded());

但请注意：生成的字符串不被视为可以安全地向任何人显示。Base64 编码不是加密 - 该值仍需要保密。如何执行此操作取决于您（加密等）。base64Key

现在，当需要创建 JWS 时，您可以传入该值，JJWT 知道首先对其进行 base64 解码以获取实际字节，然后用于计算签名：base64Key

Jwts.builder()
    //...
    .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, base64Key)
    .compact();

虽然您可以执行此操作，但由于原始字符串和 base64 编码字符串之间的歧义，不建议在 JavaDoc 中使用上述弃用通知。

因此，建议使用 JWT 生成器或方法来保证类型安全的参数。例如：signWith(Key)signWith(Key, SignatureAlgorithm)Key

  Jwts.builder()
    //...
    .signWith(key) // or signWith(key, preferredSignatureAlgorithm)
    .compact();

signWith(Key)建议让 JJWT 根据您提供的密钥的强度找出最强的算法。 允许您指定所需的算法，如果您不想要最强的算法。signWith(Key,SignatureAlgorithm)

这两种方法都将拒绝任何不符合最低 RFC 要求的方法。Key