无需在表数据对象中使用 Properties 即可显示它们,尽管在某些情况下使用 Properties 是可取的。
下面的代码将显示一个基于 Person 类的人员表,该类仅具有 String 字段。
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.collections.*;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.scene.*;
import javafx.scene.control.*;
import javafx.scene.control.cell.PropertyValueFactory;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.scene.text.Font;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
public class ReadOnlyTableView extends Application {
private TableView<Person> table = new TableView<Person>();
private final ObservableList<Person> data =
FXCollections.observableArrayList(
new Person("Jacob", "Smith", "jacob.smith@example.com"),
new Person("Isabella", "Johnson", "isabella.johnson@example.com"),
new Person("Ethan", "Williams", "ethan.williams@example.com"),
new Person("Emma", "Jones", "emma.jones@example.com"),
new Person("Michael", "Brown", "michael.brown@example.com")
);
public static void main(String[] args) { launch(args); }
@Override public void start(Stage stage) {
stage.setTitle("Table View Sample");
stage.setWidth(450);
stage.setHeight(500);
final Label label = new Label("Address Book");
label.setFont(new Font("Arial", 20));
TableColumn firstNameCol = new TableColumn("First Name");
firstNameCol.setMinWidth(100);
firstNameCol.setCellValueFactory(new PropertyValueFactory<Person, String>("firstName"));
TableColumn lastNameCol = new TableColumn("Last Name");
lastNameCol.setMinWidth(100);
lastNameCol.setCellValueFactory(new PropertyValueFactory<Person, String>("lastName"));
TableColumn emailCol = new TableColumn("Email");
emailCol.setMinWidth(200);
emailCol.setCellValueFactory(new PropertyValueFactory<Person, String>("email"));
table.setItems(data);
table.getColumns().addAll(firstNameCol, lastNameCol, emailCol);
final VBox vbox = new VBox();
vbox.setSpacing(5);
vbox.setPadding(new Insets(10, 0, 0, 10));
vbox.getChildren().addAll(label, table);
stage.setScene(new Scene(new Group(vbox)));
stage.show();
}
public static class Person {
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
private String email;
private Person(String fName, String lName, String email) {
this.firstName = fName;
this.lastName = lName;
this.email = email;
}
public String getFirstName() { return firstName; }
public void setFirstName(String fName) { firstName = fName; }
public String getLastName() { return lastName; }
public void setLastName(String lName) { lastName = lName; }
public String getEmail() { return email; }
public void setEmail(String inMail) { email = inMail; }
}
}
解释
使用属性和可观察列表的目的是它们是可侦听的元素。使用属性时,如果数据模型中属性属性的值发生更改,则 TableView 中项目的视图将自动更新以匹配更新后的数据模型值。例如,如果某人的电子邮件属性的值设置为新值,则该更新将反映在 TableView 中,因为它会侦听属性更改。相反,如果使用纯字符串来表示电子邮件,则 TableView 将不会刷新,因为它不会意识到电子邮件值的更改。
PropertyValueFactory 文档详细描述了此过程:
如何使用此类的示例如下:
TableColumn<Person,String> firstNameCol = new TableColumn<Person,String>("First Name");
firstNameCol.setCellValueFactory(new PropertyValueFactory<Person,String>("firstName"));
在此示例中,“firstName”字符串用作对 Person 类类型(即 TableView 项列表的类类型)中假定的 firstNameProperty() 方法的引用。此外,此方法必须返回属性实例。如果找到满足这些要求的方法,则会使用此可观察值填充 TableCell。此外,TableView 会自动向返回值添加一个观察者,以便 TableView 将观察到触发的任何更改,从而导致单元格立即更新。
如果不存在与此模式匹配的方法,则支持尝试调用 get() 或 is()(即,在上面的示例中为 getFirstName() 或 isFirstName()。如果存在与此模式匹配的方法,则从此方法返回的值将包装在只读对象包装程序中并返回到 TableCell。但是,在这种情况下,这意味着 TableCell 将无法观察更改的可观察值(如上面的第一种方法中的情况)。
更新
下面是一个与第一个示例形成对比的示例,该示例演示了 TableView 如何观察并根据对其项的 ObservableList 的更改和对基于属性的项属性的值的更改来观察并自动刷新。
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.beans.property.*;
import javafx.collections.*;
import javafx.event.*;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.scene.*;
import javafx.scene.control.*;
import javafx.scene.control.cell.PropertyValueFactory;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.scene.text.Font;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
public class PropertyBasedTableView extends Application {
private TableView<Person> table = new TableView<Person>();
private final ObservableList<Person> data = FXCollections.observableArrayList();
private void initData() {
data.setAll(
new Person("Jacob", "Smith", "jacob.smith@example.com"),
new Person("Isabella", "Johnson", "isabella.johnson@example.com"),
new Person("Ethan", "Williams", "ethan.williams@example.com"),
new Person("Emma", "Jones", "emma.jones@example.com"),
new Person("Michael", "Brown", "michael.brown@example.com")
);
}
public static void main(String[] args) { launch(args); }
@Override public void start(Stage stage) {
initData();
stage.setTitle("Table View Sample");
stage.setWidth(450);
stage.setHeight(500);
final Label label = new Label("Address Book");
label.setFont(new Font("Arial", 20));
TableColumn firstNameCol = new TableColumn("First Name");
firstNameCol.setMinWidth(100);
firstNameCol.setCellValueFactory(new PropertyValueFactory<Person, String>("firstName"));
TableColumn lastNameCol = new TableColumn("Last Name");
lastNameCol.setMinWidth(100);
lastNameCol.setCellValueFactory(new PropertyValueFactory<Person, String>("lastName"));
TableColumn emailCol = new TableColumn("Email");
emailCol.setMinWidth(200);
emailCol.setCellValueFactory(new PropertyValueFactory<Person, String>("email"));
table.setItems(data);
table.getColumns().addAll(firstNameCol, lastNameCol, emailCol);
table.setPrefHeight(300);
final Button setEmailButton = new Button("Set first email in table to wizard@frobozz.com");
setEmailButton.setOnAction(new EventHandler<ActionEvent>() {
@Override public void handle(ActionEvent event) {
if (data.size() > 0) {
data.get(0).setEmail("wizard@frobozz.com");
}
}
});
final Button removeRowButton = new Button("Remove first row from the table");
removeRowButton.setOnAction(new EventHandler<ActionEvent>() {
@Override public void handle(ActionEvent event) {
if (data.size() > 0) {
data.remove(0);
}
}
});
final Button resetButton = new Button("Reset table data");
resetButton.setOnAction(new EventHandler<ActionEvent>() {
@Override public void handle(ActionEvent event) {
initData();
}
});
final VBox vbox = new VBox(10);
vbox.setPadding(new Insets(10, 0, 0, 10));
vbox.getChildren().addAll(label, table, setEmailButton, removeRowButton, resetButton);
stage.setScene(new Scene(new Group(vbox)));
stage.show();
}
public static class Person {
private final StringProperty firstName;
private final StringProperty lastName;
private final StringProperty email;
private Person(String fName, String lName, String email) {
this.firstName = new SimpleStringProperty(fName);
this.lastName = new SimpleStringProperty(lName);
this.email = new SimpleStringProperty(email);
}
public String getFirstName() { return firstName.get(); }
public void setFirstName(String fName) { firstName.set(fName); }
public StringProperty firstNameProperty() { return firstName; }
public String getLastName() { return lastName.get(); }
public void setLastName(String lName) { lastName.set(lName); }
public StringProperty lastNameProperty() { return lastName; }
public String getEmail() { return email.get(); }
public void setEmail(String inMail) { email.set(inMail); }
public StringProperty emailProperty() { return email; } // if this method is commented out then the tableview will not refresh when the email is set.
}
}