将 SQLite 数据库从一个版本升级到另一个版本?

2022-09-03 16:39:29

我说某个列(在我的子类中)不存在时得到了一个错误。我认为我可以通过更改字符串来升级数据库。但显然不是,那么我如何(逐步)将我的SQLite数据库从版本1升级到版本2?LogcatSQLiteOpenHelperDATABASE_CREATE

如果这个问题看起来很“菜鸟”,我很抱歉,但我仍在学习Android。

@Pentium10 这就是我在onUpgrade中所做的:

private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;

....

switch (upgradeVersion) {
case 1:
    db.execSQL("ALTER TABLE task ADD body TEXT");
    upgradeVersion = 2;
    break;
}

...

答案 1

好的,在你遇到更大的问题之前,你应该知道SQLite在ALTER TABLE命令上受到限制,它允许并且只有删除/删除,这是通过重新创建表来完成的。addrename

您应该始终拥有新的表创建查询,并使用它来升级和传输任何现有数据。注意:onUpgrade 方法为 sqlite 帮助程序对象运行一个,您需要处理其中的所有表。

那么在Upgrade上推荐什么:

  • 开始交易
  • 运行表创建(我们正在进行升级,因此该表可能尚不存在,它将失败更改并删除)if not exists
  • 将现有列放入列表中List<String> columns = DBUtils.GetColumns(db, TableName);
  • 备份表 (ALTER table " + TableName + " RENAME TO 'temp_" + TableName)
  • 创建新表(最新的表创建架构)
  • 获取与新列的交集,这次是从升级的表 (columns.retainAll(DBUtils.GetColumns(db, TableName));)
  • 恢复数据 (String cols = StringUtils.join(columns, ","); db.execSQL(String.format( "INSERT INTO %s (%s) SELECT %s from temp_%s", TableName, cols, cols, TableName)); )
  • 删除备份表 (DROP table 'temp_" + TableName)
  • setTransactionSuccess

.

public static List<String> GetColumns(SQLiteDatabase db, String tableName) {
    List<String> ar = null;
    Cursor c = null;
    try {
        c = db.rawQuery("select * from " + tableName + " limit 1", null);
        if (c != null) {
            ar = new ArrayList<String>(Arrays.asList(c.getColumnNames()));
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        Log.v(tableName, e.getMessage(), e);
        e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
        if (c != null)
            c.close();
    }
    return ar;
}

public static String join(List<String> list, String delim) {
    StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
    int num = list.size();
    for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
        if (i != 0)
            buf.append(delim);
        buf.append((String) list.get(i));
    }
    return buf.toString();
}

答案 2

以下是升级数据库的方法。

在我的应用的早期版本中,该列不存在。在新版本中,它确实如此。gameType

  void upgradeDatabase() throws IOException {
    try {
      String column = DatabaseConstants.GAME_TYPE_COLUMN_NAME; // gameType
      String table = DatabaseConstants.RECORDS_TABLE;
      String query = String.format("SELECT %s FROM %s LIMIT 1", column, table);
      database.rawQuery(query, null);
      return;
    }
    catch (Exception e) {
      // Column doesn't exist. User had old version of app installed, so upgrade database.
    }

    // Save all old data
    String query = "SELECT * FROM " + DatabaseConstants.USERS_TABLE;
    Cursor c = database.rawQuery(query, null);
    List<List<Object>> values1 = new ArrayList<List<Object>>();
    if (c.moveToFirst()) {
      while (!c.isAfterLast()) {
        List<Object> record = new ArrayList<Object>();
        record.add(c.getInt(0));
        record.add(c.getString(1));
        values1.add(record);
        c.moveToNext();
      }
    }
    c.close();

    query = "SELECT * FROM " + DatabaseConstants.RECORDS_TABLE;
    c = database.rawQuery(query, null);
    List<List<Object>> values2 = new ArrayList<List<Object>>();
    if (c.moveToFirst()) {
      while (!c.isAfterLast()) {
        List<Object> record = new ArrayList<Object>();
        record.add(c.getInt(0));
        record.add(c.getInt(1));
        record.add(c.getInt(2));
        record.add(c.getInt(3));
        values2.add(record);
        c.moveToNext();
      }
    }
    c.close();

    // Copy empty database with new schema
    copyDatabase();

    // Restore all old data
    for (List<Object> record : values1) {
      ContentValues cv = new ContentValues();
      cv.put(DatabaseConstants.ID_COLUMN_NAME, (Integer) record.get(0));
      cv.put(DatabaseConstants.USERNAME_COLUMN_NAME, record.get(1).toString());
      database.insert(DatabaseConstants.USERS_TABLE, null, cv);
    }
    for (List<Object> record : values2) {
      ContentValues cv = new ContentValues();
      cv.put(DatabaseConstants.USER_ID_COLUMN_NAME, (Integer) record.get(0));
      cv.put(DatabaseConstants.GAME_TYPE_COLUMN_NAME, GameType.CLASSIC.name());
      cv.put(DatabaseConstants.WINS_COLUMN_NAME, (Integer) record.get(1));
      cv.put(DatabaseConstants.LOSSES_COLUMN_NAME, (Integer) record.get(2));
      cv.put(DatabaseConstants.TIES_COLUMN_NAME, (Integer) record.get(3));
      database.insert(DatabaseConstants.RECORDS_TABLE, null, cv);
    }
  }

下面是复制数据库文件的代码。数据库最初是空的,我在我的应用程序之外创建了它(我使用了一个名为Navicat的程序来获取SQLite。

  public DatabaseHelper(Context context) {
    super(context, DatabaseConstants.DATABASE_NAME, null, 1);
    this.context = context;
    databasePath = context.getDatabasePath(DatabaseConstants.DATABASE_NAME).getPath();
  }

  void copyDatabase() throws IOException {
    InputStream is = context.getAssets().open(DatabaseConstants.DATABASE_NAME); // data.db
    OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(databasePath);

    byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
    int length;
    while ((length = is.read(buffer)) > 0) {
      os.write(buffer, 0, length);
    }

    // Close the streams.
    os.flush();
    os.close();
    is.close();
  }

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