尽管PHP不支持您在其他语言中遇到的方法重载,例如Java。但是你可以在PHP中有方法重载,但定义方法是不同的。如果你想为给定的方法使用不同的功能,在PHP中使用不同的参数集,你可以做这样的事情:
class myClass {
public function overloadedMethod() {
// func_num_args() is a build-in function that returns an Integer.
// the number of parameters passed to the method.
if ( func_num_args() > 1 ) {
$param1 = func_get_arg(0);
$param2 = func_get_arg(1);
$this->_overloadedMethodImplementation2($param1,$param2)
} else {
$param1 = func_get_arg(0);
$this->_overloadedMethodImplementation1($param1)
}
}
protected function _overloadedMethodImplementation1($param1) {
// code 1
}
protected function _overloadedMethodImplementation2($param1,$param2) {
// code 2
}
}
可能有更清晰的实现,但这只是一个示例。
PHP支持继承和接口。所以你可以使用它们进行多态性。你可以有一个这样的界面:
// file: MyBackupInterface.php
interface MyBackupInterface {
// saves the data on a reliable storage
public function saveData();
public function setData();
}
// file: myBackupAbstract.php
require_once 'MyBackupInterface.php';
class MyBackupAbstract implements MyBackupInterface {
protected $_data;
public function setData($data) {
$this->_data= $data;
}
// there is no abstract modifier in PHP. so le'ts avoid this class to be used in other ways
public function __construct() {
throw new Exception('this class is abstract. you can not instantiate it');
}
}
// file: BackupToDisk.php
require_once 'MyBackupAbstract.php';
class BackupToDisk extends MyBackupAbstract {
protected $_savePath;
// implement other methods ...
public function saveData() {
// file_put_contents() is a built-in function to save a string into a file.
file_put_contents($this->_savePath, $this->_data);
}
}
// file: BackupToWebService.php
require_once 'MyBackupAbstract.php';
class BackupToWebService extends MyBackupAbstract {
protected $_webService;
// implement other methods ...
public function saveData() {
// suppose sendData() is implemented in the class
$this->sendData($this->_data);
}
}
现在在您的应用程序中,您可以像这样使用它:
// file: saveMyData.php
// some code to populate $myData
$backupSolutions = array( new BackupToDisk('/tmp/backup') , new BackupToWebService('webserviceURL') );
foreach ( $backupSolutions as $bs ) {
$bs->setData($myData);
$bs->saveData();
}
你是对的,PHP不是强类型语言,我们从来没有提到过你的任何$backupSolutions将是“MyBackupAbstract”或“MyBackupInterface”,但这不会阻止我们具有多态性的性质,这是使用相同方法的不同功能。