如何将 JSON 反序列化为扁平的、类似 Map 的结构？

json flatten java jackson

2022-09-01 21:31:14

请记住，JSON结构事先是未知的，即它是完全任意的，我们只知道它是JSON格式。

例如

以下 JSON

{
   "Port":
   {
       "@alias": "defaultHttp",
       "Enabled": "true",
       "Number": "10092",
       "Protocol": "http",
       "KeepAliveTimeout": "20000",
       "ThreadPool":
       {
           "@enabled": "false",
           "Max": "150",
           "ThreadPriority": "5"
       },
       "ExtendedProperties":
       {
           "Property":
           [                         
               {
                   "@name": "connectionTimeout",
                   "$": "20000"
               }
           ]
       }
   }
}

应该反序列化为类似Map的结构，具有类似键的键（为简洁起见，不包括上述所有内容）：

port[0].alias
port[0].enabled
port[0].extendedProperties.connectionTimeout
port[0].threadPool.max

我目前正在研究杰克逊，所以我们有：

TypeReference<HashMap<String, Object>> typeRef = new TypeReference<HashMap<String, Object>>() {};
Map<String, String> o = objectMapper.readValue(jsonString, typeRef);

但是，生成的 Map 实例基本上是嵌套映射的 Map：

{Port={@alias=diagnostics, Enabled=false, Type=DIAGNOSTIC, Number=10033, Protocol=JDWP, ExtendedProperties={Property={@name=suspend, $=n}}}}

虽然我需要使用“点表示法”的扁平键的平面地图，如上所示。

我宁愿自己不实现这一点，尽管目前我没有看到任何其他方法......

答案 1

您可以执行此操作来遍历树并跟踪要弄清楚点表示法属性名称的深度：

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ArrayNode;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ObjectNode;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ValueNode;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import org.junit.Test;

public class FlattenJson {
  String json = "{\n" +
      "   \"Port\":\n" +
      "   {\n" +
      "       \"@alias\": \"defaultHttp\",\n" +
      "       \"Enabled\": \"true\",\n" +
      "       \"Number\": \"10092\",\n" +
      "       \"Protocol\": \"http\",\n" +
      "       \"KeepAliveTimeout\": \"20000\",\n" +
      "       \"ThreadPool\":\n" +
      "       {\n" +
      "           \"@enabled\": \"false\",\n" +
      "           \"Max\": \"150\",\n" +
      "           \"ThreadPriority\": \"5\"\n" +
      "       },\n" +
      "       \"ExtendedProperties\":\n" +
      "       {\n" +
      "           \"Property\":\n" +
      "           [                         \n" +
      "               {\n" +
      "                   \"@name\": \"connectionTimeout\",\n" +
      "                   \"$\": \"20000\"\n" +
      "               }\n" +
      "           ]\n" +
      "       }\n" +
      "   }\n" +
      "}";

  @Test
  public void testCreatingKeyValues() {
    Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
    try {
      addKeys("", new ObjectMapper().readTree(json), map);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
    System.out.println(map);
  }

  private void addKeys(String currentPath, JsonNode jsonNode, Map<String, String> map) {
    if (jsonNode.isObject()) {
      ObjectNode objectNode = (ObjectNode) jsonNode;
      Iterator<Map.Entry<String, JsonNode>> iter = objectNode.fields();
      String pathPrefix = currentPath.isEmpty() ? "" : currentPath + ".";

      while (iter.hasNext()) {
        Map.Entry<String, JsonNode> entry = iter.next();
        addKeys(pathPrefix + entry.getKey(), entry.getValue(), map);
      }
    } else if (jsonNode.isArray()) {
      ArrayNode arrayNode = (ArrayNode) jsonNode;
      for (int i = 0; i < arrayNode.size(); i++) {
        addKeys(currentPath + "[" + i + "]", arrayNode.get(i), map);
      }
    } else if (jsonNode.isValueNode()) {
      ValueNode valueNode = (ValueNode) jsonNode;
      map.put(currentPath, valueNode.asText());
    }
  }
}

它将生成以下映射：

Port.ThreadPool.Max=150, 
Port.ThreadPool.@enabled=false, 
Port.Number=10092, 
Port.ExtendedProperties.Property[0].@name=connectionTimeout, 
Port.ThreadPool.ThreadPriority=5, 
Port.Protocol=http, 
Port.KeepAliveTimeout=20000, 
Port.ExtendedProperties.Property[0].$=20000, 
Port.@alias=defaultHttp, 
Port.Enabled=true

去除属性名称应该很容易，尽管由于您说JSON是任意的，因此最终可能会在键名称中发生冲突。@$

答案 2

使用json-flattener怎么样。https://github.com/wnameless/json-flattener

顺便说一句，我是这个库的作者。

String flattenedJson = JsonFlattener.flatten(yourJson);
Map<String, Object> flattenedJsonMap = JsonFlattener.flattenAsMap(yourJson);

// Result:
{
    "Port.@alias":"defaultHttp",
    "Port.Enabled":"true",
    "Port.Number":"10092",
    "Port.Protocol":"http",
    "Port.KeepAliveTimeout":"20000",
    "Port.ThreadPool.@enabled":"false",
    "Port.ThreadPool.Max":"150",
    "Port.ThreadPool.ThreadPriority":"5",
    "Port.ExtendedProperties.Property[0].@name":"connectionTimeout",
    "Port.ExtendedProperties.Property[0].$":"20000"
}