一旦UTF-8编码，我如何截断Java字符串以适应给定数量的字节？

下面是一个简单的循环，它计算 UTF-8 表示形式的大小，并在超过 UTF-8 表示形式时进行截断：

public static String truncateWhenUTF8(String s, int maxBytes) {
    int b = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
        char c = s.charAt(i);

        // ranges from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8
        int skip = 0;
        int more;
        if (c <= 0x007f) {
            more = 1;
        }
        else if (c <= 0x07FF) {
            more = 2;
        } else if (c <= 0xd7ff) {
            more = 3;
        } else if (c <= 0xDFFF) {
            // surrogate area, consume next char as well
            more = 4;
            skip = 1;
        } else {
            more = 3;
        }

        if (b + more > maxBytes) {
            return s.substring(0, i);
        }
        b += more;
        i += skip;
    }
    return s;
}

这将处理出现在输入字符串中的代理项对。Java 的 UTF-8 编码器（正确）将代理项对输出为单个 4 字节序列，而不是两个 3 字节序列，因此将返回最长的截断字符串。如果忽略实现中的代理项对，则截断的字符串可能会短接，而不是需要的。truncateWhenUTF8()

我还没有对该代码进行过大量测试，但这里有一些初步测试：

private static void test(String s, int maxBytes, int expectedBytes) {
    String result = truncateWhenUTF8(s, maxBytes);
    byte[] utf8 = result.getBytes(Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
    if (utf8.length > maxBytes) {
        System.out.println("BAD: our truncation of " + s + " was too big");
    }
    if (utf8.length != expectedBytes) {
        System.out.println("BAD: expected " + expectedBytes + " got " + utf8.length);
    }
    System.out.println(s + " truncated to " + result);
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
    test("abcd", 0, 0);
    test("abcd", 1, 1);
    test("abcd", 2, 2);
    test("abcd", 3, 3);
    test("abcd", 4, 4);
    test("abcd", 5, 4);

    test("a\u0080b", 0, 0);
    test("a\u0080b", 1, 1);
    test("a\u0080b", 2, 1);
    test("a\u0080b", 3, 3);
    test("a\u0080b", 4, 4);
    test("a\u0080b", 5, 4);

    test("a\u0800b", 0, 0);
    test("a\u0800b", 1, 1);
    test("a\u0800b", 2, 1);
    test("a\u0800b", 3, 1);
    test("a\u0800b", 4, 4);
    test("a\u0800b", 5, 5);
    test("a\u0800b", 6, 5);

    // surrogate pairs
    test("\uD834\uDD1E", 0, 0);
    test("\uD834\uDD1E", 1, 0);
    test("\uD834\uDD1E", 2, 0);
    test("\uD834\uDD1E", 3, 0);
    test("\uD834\uDD1E", 4, 4);
    test("\uD834\uDD1E", 5, 4);

}

更新修改后的代码示例，它现在处理代理项对。

你应该使用CharsetEncoder，简单+复制尽可能多的你可以将UTF-8字符切成两半。getBytes()

像这样：

public static int truncateUtf8(String input, byte[] output) {
    
    ByteBuffer outBuf = ByteBuffer.wrap(output);
    CharBuffer inBuf = CharBuffer.wrap(input.toCharArray());

    CharsetEncoder utf8Enc = StandardCharsets.UTF_8.newEncoder();
    utf8Enc.encode(inBuf, outBuf, true);
    System.out.println("encoded " + inBuf.position() + " chars of " + input.length() + ", result: " + outBuf.position() + " bytes");
    return outBuf.position();
}