使用 java 反射实例化私有内部类

是的，您可以使用 Java 反射实例化私有内部类。为此，您需要有一个外部类的实例并调用内部类构造函数，该构造函数将在其第一个参数中使用外部类实例。

class OuterClass {
    private class InnerClass {
        {
            //this block is just to confirm that the inner object was created
            //it will be added to every constructor of this class
            System.out.println("inner object created");
        }
    }
}

当我们不知道私有内部类的名称并且我们假设它具有无参数构造函数时：

class Main {

    //no comment version
    public static Object giveMeInnerInstance() throws Exception{
        OuterClass outerObject = new OuterClass();
        Class<?> innerClass = OuterClass.class.getDeclaredClasses()[0];
        Constructor<?> constructor = innerClass.getDeclaredConstructors()[0];
        constructor.setAccessible(true);
        return constructor.newInstance(outerObject);
    }

    //commented version
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //we need an outer class object to use the inner object constructor
        //(the inner class object needs to know about its parent object)
        OuterClass outerObject = new OuterClass();

        //let's get the inner class 
        //(we know that the outer class has only one inner class, so we can use index 0)
        Class<?> innerClass = OuterClass.class.getDeclaredClasses()[0];
        //or if we know name of inner class we can use 
        //Class<?> innerClass = Class.forName("full.package.name.OuterClass$InnerClass")

        //since constructor so we could use it to pass instance of outer class and change 
        //its accessibility. We can use this code to get default constructor of InnerClass 
        //since we know that this is the only constructor here
        Constructor<?> constructor = innerClass.getDeclaredConstructors()[0];
        //we could also use 
        //Constructor<?> constructor = innerClass.getDeclaredConstructor(OuterClass.class);

        //the default constructor of the private class has same visibility that class has
        //so it is also private, so to be able to use it we need to make it accessible
        constructor.setAccessible(true);

        //now we are ready to create inner class instance
        Object innerObject = constructor.newInstance(outerObject);
    }
}

现在，如果我们有这样的信息，我们可以使此代码更清晰

• 内部类的名称，
• 构造函数参数

因此，我们无需检查内部类列表并选择第一个，而是可以使用以下方法按其名称选择内部类：

Class<?> inner = Class.forName("our.pack.age.OuterClass$InnerClass")
//                                                     ^^^^^^^^^^^

类似地，我们可以通过调用来选择要使用的构造函数，因此如果我们的内部类看起来像getDeclaredConstructor(outerType,rest,of,parameter,types)

class OuterClass {
    private class InnerClass {

        private int x;

        public InnerClass(int x) {
            this.x = x;
            System.out.println("inner object created");
        }

    }
}

我们的代码可以是

class ReflectionDemo {

    //no comment version
    public static Object giveMeInnerInstance() throws Exception{
        OuterClass outerObject = new OuterClass();
        Class<?> innerClass = Class.forName("com.stackoverflow.q14112166.OuterClass$InnerClass");
        Constructor<?> constructor = innerClass.getDeclaredConstructor(OuterClass.class, int.class);
        constructor.setAccessible(true);
        return constructor.newInstance(outerObject,42);
    }

    public static Object getFieldValue(Object obj, String fieldName) throws Exception{
        Class<?> clazz = obj.getClass();
        Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField(fieldName);
        field.setAccessible(true);
        return field.get(obj);
    }

    //lets test our code
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Object innerClassObject = giveMeInnerInstance();
        System.out.println(getFieldValue(innerClassObject, "x"));           
    }
}

输出：

inner object created
42

使用反射时，您会发现该内部类的构造函数将外部类的实例作为附加参数（始终是第一个）。

有关相关信息，请参阅以下问题：

• 实例化内部类

• 如何在 Android 上通过反射来实例化成员类

• 在Java中，当我不在内部类中时，如何访问外部类？

例：

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;

public class OuterClass {

    private class InnerClass {

    }

    public OuterClass() {
        super();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // instantiate outer class
        OuterClass outer = new OuterClass();

        // List all available constructors.
        // We must use the method getDeclaredConstructors() instead
        // of getConstructors() to get also private constructors.
        for (Constructor<?> ctor : OuterClass.InnerClass.class
                .getDeclaredConstructors()) {
            System.out.println(ctor);
        }

        try {
            // Try to get the constructor with the expected signature.
            Constructor<InnerClass> ctor = OuterClass.InnerClass.class
                    .getDeclaredConstructor(OuterClass.class);
            // This forces the security manager to allow a call
            ctor.setAccessible(true);

            // the call
            try {
                OuterClass.InnerClass inner = ctor.newInstance(outer);
                System.out.println(inner);
            } catch (InstantiationException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SecurityException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

}