如何在Java中通过代理发送HTTPS请求?

2022-09-01 10:55:41

我正在尝试使用 HttpsUrlConnection 类向服务器发送请求。服务器存在证书问题,因此我设置了一个信任所有内容的 TrustManager,以及一个同样宽松的主机名验证器。当我直接发出请求时,此管理器工作正常,但是当我通过代理发送请求时,它似乎根本没有使用。

我像这样设置我的代理设置:

Properties systemProperties = System.getProperties();
systemProperties.setProperty( "http.proxyHost", "proxyserver" );
systemProperties.setProperty( "http.proxyPort", "8080" );
systemProperties.setProperty( "https.proxyHost", "proxyserver" );
systemProperties.setProperty( "https.proxyPort", "8080" );

默认 SSLSocketFactory 的 TrustManager 设置如下:

SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance( "SSL" );

// set up a TrustManager that trusts everything
sslContext.init( null, new TrustManager[]
    {
        new X509TrustManager()
        {
            public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers()
            {
                return null;
            }

            public void checkClientTrusted( X509Certificate[] certs, String authType )
            {
                // everything is trusted
            }

            public void checkServerTrusted( X509Certificate[] certs, String authType )
            {
                // everything is trusted
            }
        }
    }, new SecureRandom() );

// this doesn't seem to apply to connections through a proxy
HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultSSLSocketFactory( sslContext.getSocketFactory() );

// setup a hostname verifier that verifies everything
HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier( new HostnameVerifier()
{
    public boolean verify( String arg0, SSLSession arg1 )
    {
        return true;
    }
} );

如果我运行以下代码,我最终会得到一个SSLHandshakException(“握手期间远程主机关闭连接”):

URL url = new URL( "https://someurl" );

HttpsURLConnection connection = (HttpsURLConnection)url.openConnection();
connection.setDoOutput( true );

connection.setRequestMethod( "POST" );
connection.setRequestProperty( "Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" );
connection.setRequestProperty( "Content-Length", "0" );

connection.connect();

我假设我错过了某种与处理SSL时使用代理有关的设置。如果我不使用代理,我的检查ServerTrusted方法将被调用;这也是我在通过代理时需要发生的事情。

我通常不处理Java,我对HTTP / Web的东西没有太多经验。我相信我已经提供了所有必要的细节来理解我想要做什么。如果不是这种情况,请告诉我。

更新:

在阅读了ZZ Coder建议的文章后,我对连接代码进行了以下更改:

HttpsURLConnection connection = (HttpsURLConnection)url.openConnection();
connection.setSSLSocketFactory( new SSLTunnelSocketFactory( proxyHost, proxyPort ) );

connection.setDoOutput( true );
connection.setRequestMethod( "POST" );
connection.setRequestProperty( "Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" );
connection.setRequestProperty( "Content-Length", "0" );

connection.connect();

结果(SSLHandshakeException)是相同的。当我将这里的SLLSocketFactory设置为SSLTunnelSocketFactory(本文中解释的类)时,我用TrustManager和SSLContext所做的操作被覆盖了。难道我还需要它吗?

另一个更新:

我修改了SSLTunnelSocketFactory类,以使用SSSocketFactory,它使用我的TrustManager来信任所有内容。这似乎没有任何区别。这是SSLTunnelSocketFactory的createSocket方法:

public Socket createSocket( Socket s, String host, int port, boolean autoClose )
    throws IOException, UnknownHostException
{
    Socket tunnel = new Socket( tunnelHost, tunnelPort );

    doTunnelHandshake( tunnel, host, port );

    SSLSocket result = (SSLSocket)dfactory.createSocket(
        tunnel, host, port, autoClose );

    result.addHandshakeCompletedListener(
        new HandshakeCompletedListener()
        {
            public void handshakeCompleted( HandshakeCompletedEvent event )
            {
                System.out.println( "Handshake finished!" );
                System.out.println(
                    "\t CipherSuite:" + event.getCipherSuite() );
                System.out.println(
                    "\t SessionId " + event.getSession() );
                System.out.println(
                    "\t PeerHost " + event.getSession().getPeerHost() );
            }
        } );

    result.startHandshake();

    return result;
}

当我的代码调用 connection.connect 时,将调用此方法,并且对 doTunnelHandshake 的调用成功。下一行代码使用我的SSLSocketFactory来创建一个SSLSocket;此调用后结果的 toString 值为:

“1d49247[SSL_NULL_WITH_NULL_NULL: Socket[addr=/proxyHost,port=proxyPort,localport=24372]]”。

这对我来说毫无意义,但这可能是事情在此之后崩溃的原因。

当调用 result.startHandshake() 时,根据调用堆栈 HttpsClient.afterConnect,使用相同的参数再次调用相同的 createSocket 方法,除了 Socket s 为 null,当它再次出现 result.startHandshake() 时,结果是相同的 SSLHandshakeException。

在这个日益复杂的拼图中,我是否仍然缺少一个重要的部分?

这是堆栈跟踪:

javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: Remote host closed connection during handshake
  at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.readRecord(SSLSocketImpl.java:808)
  at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.performInitialHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1112)
  at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.startHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1139)
  at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.startHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1123)
  at gsauthentication.SSLTunnelSocketFactory.createSocket(SSLTunnelSocketFactory.java:106)
  at sun.net.www.protocol.https.HttpsClient.afterConnect(HttpsClient.java:391)
  at sun.net.www.protocol.https.AbstractDelegateHttpsURLConnection.connect(AbstractDelegateHttpsURLConnection.java:166)
  at sun.net.www.protocol.https.HttpsURLConnectionImpl.connect(HttpsURLConnectionImpl.java:133)
  at gsauthentication.GSAuthentication.main(GSAuthentication.java:52)
Caused by: java.io.EOFException: SSL peer shut down incorrectly
  at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.InputRecord.read(InputRecord.java:333)
  at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.readRecord(SSLSocketImpl.java:789)
  ... 8 more

答案 1

HTTPS 代理没有意义,因为出于安全原因,您无法在代理处终止 HTTP 连接。使用信任策略,如果代理服务器具有 HTTPS 端口,则信任策略可能会起作用。您的错误是由使用 HTTPS 连接到 HTTP 代理端口引起的。

您可以使用代理 CONNECT 命令使用 SSL 隧道(许多人调用该代理)通过代理进行连接。但是,Java 不支持较新版本的代理隧道。在这种情况下,您需要自己处理隧道。你可以在这里找到示例代码,

http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/javatips/jw-javatip111.html

编辑:如果你想击败JSSE中的所有安全措施,你仍然需要自己的TrustManager。像这样的东西,

 public SSLTunnelSocketFactory(String proxyhost, String proxyport){
      tunnelHost = proxyhost;
      tunnelPort = Integer.parseInt(proxyport);
      dfactory = (SSLSocketFactory)sslContext.getSocketFactory();
 }

 ...

 connection.setSSLSocketFactory( new SSLTunnelSocketFactory( proxyHost, proxyPort ) );
 connection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier( new HostnameVerifier()
 {
    public boolean verify( String arg0, SSLSession arg1 )
    {
        return true;
    }
 }  );

编辑2:我刚刚尝试了我几年前使用SSLTunnelSocketFactory编写的程序,它也不起作用。显然,Sun在Java 5的某个时候引入了一个新的错误。请参阅此错误报告,

http://bugs.sun.com/view_bug.do?bug_id=6614957

好消息是SSL隧道错误已修复,因此您可以使用默认工厂。我刚刚尝试使用代理,一切都按预期工作。查看我的代码,

public class SSLContextTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        System.setProperty("https.proxyHost", "proxy.xxx.com");
        System.setProperty("https.proxyPort", "8888");

        try {

            SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL");

            // set up a TrustManager that trusts everything
            sslContext.init(null, new TrustManager[] { new X509TrustManager() {
                public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
                    System.out.println("getAcceptedIssuers =============");
                    return null;
                }

                public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] certs,
                        String authType) {
                    System.out.println("checkClientTrusted =============");
                }

                public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] certs,
                        String authType) {
                    System.out.println("checkServerTrusted =============");
                }
            } }, new SecureRandom());

            HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultSSLSocketFactory(
                    sslContext.getSocketFactory());

            HttpsURLConnection
                    .setDefaultHostnameVerifier(new HostnameVerifier() {
                        public boolean verify(String arg0, SSLSession arg1) {
                            System.out.println("hostnameVerifier =============");
                            return true;
                        }
                    });

            URL url = new URL("https://www.verisign.net");
            URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();
            BufferedReader reader = 
                new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
            String line;
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                System.out.println(line);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } 
    }
}

这是我在运行程序时得到的,

checkServerTrusted =============
hostnameVerifier =============
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
......

如您所见,SSLContext和hostnameVerifier都被调用了。主机名验证程序仅在主机名与证书不匹配时才涉及。我用“www.verisign.net”来触发这个。


答案 2

尝试Apache Commons HttpClient库,而不是尝试推出自己的库:http://hc.apache.org/httpclient-3.x/index.html

从他们的示例代码中:

  HttpClient httpclient = new HttpClient();
  httpclient.getHostConfiguration().setProxy("myproxyhost", 8080);

  /* Optional if authentication is required.
  httpclient.getState().setProxyCredentials("my-proxy-realm", " myproxyhost",
   new UsernamePasswordCredentials("my-proxy-username", "my-proxy-password"));
  */

  PostMethod post = new PostMethod("https://someurl");
  NameValuePair[] data = {
     new NameValuePair("user", "joe"),
     new NameValuePair("password", "bloggs")
  };
  post.setRequestBody(data);
  // execute method and handle any error responses.
  // ...
  InputStream in = post.getResponseBodyAsStream();
  // handle response.


  /* Example for a GET reqeust
  GetMethod httpget = new GetMethod("https://someurl");
  try { 
    httpclient.executeMethod(httpget);
    System.out.println(httpget.getStatusLine());
  } finally {
    httpget.releaseConnection();
  }
  */

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