Java 中的通用观察者模式

java generics observer-pattern

2022-09-01 20:40:25

和是丑陋的。他们需要那种让类型安全粉丝感到不舒服的演员，你不能把一个类定义为一个没有丑陋的演员表的多种事物。事实上，在“我如何知道 Observer 类在 Java 中发送的泛型对象？”中，一位回答者说，在每个观察者/可观察者中只应使用一种类型的数据。java.util.Observerjava.util.ObservableObserver

我试图在Java中制作观察者模式的通用版本，以解决这两个问题。这与前面提到的帖子中的问题没有什么不同，但这个问题显然没有得到解决（最后一条评论是OP中未回答的问题）。

答案 1

观察者.java

package util;

public interface Observer<ObservedType> {
    public void update(Observable<ObservedType> object, ObservedType data);
}

可观察.java

package util;

import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;

public class Observable<ObservedType> {

    private List<Observer<ObservedType>> _observers = 
      new LinkedList<Observer<ObservedType>>();

    public void addObserver(Observer<ObservedType> obs) {
        if (obs == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Tried
                      to add a null observer");
        }
        if (_observers.contains(obs)) {
            return;
        }
        _observers.add(obs);
    }

    public void notifyObservers(ObservedType data) {
        for (Observer<ObservedType> obs : _observers) {
            obs.update(this, data);
        }
    }
}

希望这对某人有用。

答案 2

我更喜欢使用注释，以便侦听器可以侦听不同类型的事件。

public class BrokerTestMain {
    public static void main(String... args) {
        Broker broker = new Broker();
        broker.add(new Component());

        broker.publish("Hello");
        broker.publish(new Date());
        broker.publish(3.1415);
    }
}

class Component {
    @Subscription
    public void onString(String s) {
        System.out.println("String - " + s);
    }

    @Subscription
    public void onDate(Date d) {
        System.out.println("Date - " + d);
    }

    @Subscription
    public void onDouble(Double d) {
        System.out.println("Double - " + d);
    }
}

指纹

String - Hello
Date - Tue Nov 13 15:01:09 GMT 2012
Double - 3.1415

@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Subscription {
}

public class Broker {
    private final Map<Class, List<SubscriberInfo>> map = new LinkedHashMap<Class, List<SubscriberInfo>>();

    public void add(Object o) {
        for (Method method : o.getClass().getMethods()) {
            Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
            if (method.getAnnotation(Subscription.class) == null || parameterTypes.length != 1) continue;
            Class subscribeTo = parameterTypes[0];
            List<SubscriberInfo> subscriberInfos = map.get(subscribeTo);
            if (subscriberInfos == null)
                map.put(subscribeTo, subscriberInfos = new ArrayList<SubscriberInfo>());
            subscriberInfos.add(new SubscriberInfo(method, o));
        }
    }

    public void remove(Object o) {
        for (List<SubscriberInfo> subscriberInfos : map.values()) {
            for (int i = subscriberInfos.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--)
                if (subscriberInfos.get(i).object == o)
                    subscriberInfos.remove(i);
        }
    }

    public int publish(Object o) {
        List<SubscriberInfo> subscriberInfos = map.get(o.getClass());
        if (subscriberInfos == null) return 0;
        int count = 0;
        for (SubscriberInfo subscriberInfo : subscriberInfos) {
            subscriberInfo.invoke(o);
            count++;
        }
        return count;
    }

    static class SubscriberInfo {
        final Method method;
        final Object object;

        SubscriberInfo(Method method, Object object) {
            this.method = method;
            this.object = object;
        }

        void invoke(Object o) {
            try {
                method.invoke(object, o);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new AssertionError(e);
            }
        }
    }
}