我可以使用 WatchService（而不是整个目录）监视单个文件更改吗？

只需在目录中筛选所需文件的事件：

final Path path = FileSystems.getDefault().getPath(System.getProperty("user.home"), "Desktop");
System.out.println(path);
try (final WatchService watchService = FileSystems.getDefault().newWatchService()) {
    final WatchKey watchKey = path.register(watchService, StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_MODIFY);
    while (true) {
        final WatchKey wk = watchService.take();
        for (WatchEvent<?> event : wk.pollEvents()) {
            //we only register "ENTRY_MODIFY" so the context is always a Path.
            final Path changed = (Path) event.context();
            System.out.println(changed);
            if (changed.endsWith("myFile.txt")) {
                System.out.println("My file has changed");
            }
        }
        // reset the key
        boolean valid = wk.reset();
        if (!valid) {
            System.out.println("Key has been unregisterede");
        }
    }
}

在这里，我们检查更改的文件是否是“myFile.txt”，如果是，则执行任何操作。

其他答案是正确的，您必须监视目录并筛选您的特定文件。但是，您可能希望线程在后台运行。接受的答案可以无限期地阻塞，并且不会关闭监视服务。适用于单独线程的解决方案可能如下所示：watchService.take();

public class FileWatcher extends Thread {
    private final File file;
    private AtomicBoolean stop = new AtomicBoolean(false);

    public FileWatcher(File file) {
        this.file = file;
    }

    public boolean isStopped() { return stop.get(); }
    public void stopThread() { stop.set(true); }

    public void doOnChange() {
        // Do whatever action you want here
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try (WatchService watcher = FileSystems.getDefault().newWatchService()) {
            Path path = file.toPath().getParent();
            path.register(watcher, StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_MODIFY);
            while (!isStopped()) {
                WatchKey key;
                try { key = watcher.poll(25, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); }
                catch (InterruptedException e) { return; }
                if (key == null) { Thread.yield(); continue; }

                for (WatchEvent<?> event : key.pollEvents()) {
                    WatchEvent.Kind<?> kind = event.kind();

                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                    WatchEvent<Path> ev = (WatchEvent<Path>) event;
                    Path filename = ev.context();

                    if (kind == StandardWatchEventKinds.OVERFLOW) {
                        Thread.yield();
                        continue;
                    } else if (kind == java.nio.file.StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_MODIFY
                            && filename.toString().equals(file.getName())) {
                        doOnChange();
                    }
                    boolean valid = key.reset();
                    if (!valid) { break; }
                }
                Thread.yield();
            }
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            // Log or rethrow the error
        }
    }
}

我尝试从接受的答案和本文开始工作。您应该能够将此线程与该线程一起使用，并通过调用该线程来停止它。new FileWatcher(new File("/home/me/myfile")).start()stopThread()