如何为几个Java枚举添加常用方法？（抽象类祖先？

oop inheritance enums java

2022-09-04 07:05:52

我有一些这样的Java枚举

public enum Aggregation
{
    MORTGAGE( "Mortgage" ),
    POOLS( "Pools" ),
    PORTFOLIO( "Portfolio" );

    private Aggregation( final String name )
    {
        m_Name = name;
    }
    private String m_Name;
    static Map< String, Aggregation > c_LOOKUP =
        new HashMap< String, Aggregation >();
    static {
        for (Aggregation agg:values()){
            c_LOOKUP.put(agg.m_Name,agg);
        }
    }

    public Aggregation lookup(String name){
        return c_LOOKUP.get( name );
    }

    @Override
    public String toString()
    {
        return m_Name;
    }
}

public enum Interval
{
    MONTHLY( "Monthly" ),
    QUARTLY( "Quartly" ),
    SEMIANNUALLY( "SemiAnnually" ),
    ANNUALLY("Annually");

    private Interval( final String name )
    {
        m_Name = name;
    }
    private String m_Name;
    static Map< String, Interval > c_LOOKUP =
        new HashMap< String, Interval >();
    static {
        for (Interval agg:values()){
            c_LOOKUP.put(agg.m_Name,agg);
        }
    }

    public Interval lookup(String name){
        return c_LOOKUP.get( name );
    }

    @Override
    public String toString()
    {
        return m_Name;
    }
}

如您所见，这里有很多代码重复。如果有一种方法可以引入像抽象的共同祖先类这样的东西，那就太好了。但是java枚举不能固有。最好的方法是什么？谢谢。

编辑：我制定了一个类似于ŁukaszBachman和missingfacktor的版本

static public enum Aggregation
{
    MORTGAGE( "Mortgage" ),
    POOLS( "Pools" ),
    PORTFOLIO( "Portfolio" );

    private final String m_Name;

    final static private ReverseDictionary< Aggregation > c_DICTIONARY =
        new  ReverseDictionary< Aggregation >( Aggregation.class );

    static public Aggregation lookup( final String name )
    {
        return c_DICTIONARY.lookup( name );
    }

    private Aggregation( final String name )
    {
        m_Name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString()
    {
        return m_Name;
    }
}

static public enum Interval
{
    MONTHLY( "Monthly" ),
    QUARTLY( "Quartly" ),
    SEMIANNUALLY( "SemiAnnually" ),
    ANNUALLY( "Annually" );

    private final String m_Name;
    final static private ReverseDictionary< Interval > c_DICTIONARY =
        new ReverseDictionary< Interval >( Interval.class );

    static public Interval lookup( final String name )
    {
        return c_DICTIONARY.lookup( name );
    }

    private Interval( final String name )
    {
        m_Name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString()
    {
        return m_Name;
    }
}


static public class ReverseDictionary< E extends Enum< E >>
{
    Map< String, E > c_LOOKUP = new HashMap< String, E >();

    public ReverseDictionary( final Class< E > enumClass )
    {
        for( final E agg : EnumSet.allOf( enumClass ) )
        {
            c_LOOKUP.put( agg.toString(), agg );
        }
    }

    public E lookup( final String name )
    {
        return c_LOOKUP.get( name );
    }

}

我看到了一些推理。但是，它仍然不是很令人满意。

由于返回类型不同，很难定义接口lookup(String)
我可以理解它不是真正的重复，而是一个规范，但我仍然觉得m_Name字段和toString（）逻辑有点多余。我们实际上是在指定一类枚举，在我看来，这似乎是“is-a”关系。lookup(String)

答案 1

为了接口起见，更喜欢组合而不是继承和编程。由于枚举是类（不是常规类，但仍然是类），因此您可以创建一些包含共享逻辑的字段，让枚举实现您的接口并将实现委托给该字段。

相关代码片段：

共享接口

public interface MyInterface {

    void someMethod();

}

逻辑实现

public class MyInterfaceImpl implements MyInterface {

    public void someMethod() {
        System.out.println("Do smth...");
    }

}

第一个枚举

public enum EnumA implements MyInterface {
    ;

    private MyInterface impl = new MyInterfaceImpl();

    public void someMethod() {
        impl.someMethod();
    }

}

第二枚举

public enum EnumB implements MyInterface {
    ;

    private MyInterface impl = new MyInterfaceImpl();

    public void someMethod() {
        impl.someMethod();
    }

}

请注意，这不是真正的代码重复，因为这是简单的委派（在我看来是有效的）。另请注意，通过使用界面，所有内容都很好地粘合在一起。EnumAEnumB

答案 2

以下是如何解决构图和委派问题的方法。（我认为这是你可以用Java获得的DRYest，对于手头的情况。

import java.util.*;

interface HasName {
  public String getName();
}

class EnumEnhancer<E extends Enum<E> & HasName> {
  private Map<String, E> lookup;

  public EnumEnhancer(E... values) {
    lookup = new HashMap<String, E>();
    for (E e : values) {
      lookup.put(e.getName(), e);
    }
  }

  public E lookup(String name) {
    return lookup.get(name);
  }

  public String toString(E e) {
    return e.getName();
  }
}

enum Color implements HasName { // This is interface inheritance.
  RED("red"), GREEN("green"), BLUE("blue");

  // This is composition. 
  private static final EnumEnhancer<Color> enhancer = 
    new EnumEnhancer<Color>(values());

  private String name;

  private Color(String name) {
    this.name = name;
  }

  public String getName() {
    return name;
  }

  // This is delegation.
  public String toString() {
    return enhancer.toString(this);
  }

  // This too is delegation.     
  public static Color lookup(String name) {
    return enhancer.lookup(name);
  }
}

class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    System.out.println(Color.lookup("blue")); // prints blue
  }
}