将 mock 注入 Spring MockMvc WebApplicationContext

java integration-testing junit4 mockito spring-boot

2022-09-03 01:12:06

我正在努力测试（通过JUnit4和Spring MockMvc）使用Spring-boot的REST服务适配器。适配器只是将对其发出的请求传递给另一个 REST 服务（使用自定义），并将其他数据附加到响应中。RestTemplate

我想运行测试来执行控制器集成测试，但希望用模拟覆盖控制器中的，以允许我预定义第三方REST响应，并防止在每次测试期间被击中。我已经能够通过实例化一个并传递给控制器来完成此操作，该控制器使用本文中列出的模拟注入进行测试（以及下面的设置），但是我无法使用.MockMvcRestTemplateMockMvcBuilders.standAloneSetup()MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup()

我看过其他一些帖子，但没有一个回答如何实现这一目标的问题。我想使用实际的Spring应用程序上下文进行测试，而不是独立使用，以防止在应用程序可能增长时出现任何差距。

编辑：我正在使用Mockito作为我的模拟框架，并试图将其中的一个模拟注入到上下文中。如果这不是必需的，那就更好了。

控制器：

@RestController
@RequestMapping(Constants.REQUEST_MAPPING_PATH)
public class Controller{

    @Autowired
    private DataProvider dp;    

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate template;

    @RequestMapping(value = Constants.REQUEST_MAPPING_RESOURCE, method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public Response getResponse(
            @RequestParam(required = true) String data,
            @RequestParam(required = false, defaultValue = "80") String minScore
            ) throws Exception {

        Response resp = new Response();

        // Set the request params from the client request
        Map<String, String> parameters = new HashMap<String, String>();
        parameters.put(Constants.PARAM_DATA, data);
        parameters.put(Constants.PARAM_FORMAT, Constants.PARAMS_FORMAT.JSON);

        resp = template.getForObject(Constants.RESTDATAPROVIDER_URL, Response.class, parameters);

        if(resp.getError() == null){
            resp.filterScoreLessThan(new BigDecimal(minScore));
            new DataHandler(dp).populateData(resp.getData());
        }
        return resp;
    }
}

测试类：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = MainSpringBootAdapter.class)
@TestPropertySource("/application-junit.properties")
public class WacControllerTest {

    private static String controllerURL = Constants.REQUEST_MAPPING_PATH + Constants.REQUEST_MAPPING_RESOURCE + compressedParams_all;
    private static String compressedParams_all = "?data={data}&minScore={minScore}";

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @InjectMocks
    private Controller Controller;

    @Mock
    private RestTemplate rt;

    @Value("${file}")
    private String file;

    @Spy
    private DataProvider dp;

    @Before
    public void setup() throws Exception {
        dp = new DataProvider(file);    
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(controller).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetResponse() throws Exception {

        String[] strings = {"requestData", "100"};

        Mockito.when(
            rt.getForObject(Mockito.<String> any(), Mockito.<Class<Object>> any(), Mockito.<Map<String, ?>> any()))
            .thenReturn(populateTestResponse());

        mockMvc.perform(get(controllerURL, strings)
            .accept(Constants.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
            .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());

        Mockito.verify(rt, Mockito.times(1)).getForObject(Mockito.<String> any(), Mockito.<Class<?>> any(), Mockito.<Map<String, ?>> any());

        }


        private Response populateTestResponse() {
            Response  resp = new Response();

            resp.setScore(new BigDecimal(100));
            resp.setData("Some Data");

            return resp;
    }
}

答案 1

春天正是你想要的。MockRestServiceServer

来自该类的javadoc的简短描述：

客户端 REST 测试的主要入口点。用于涉及直接或间接（通过客户端代码）使用 RestTemplate 的测试。提供一种方法来设置对将通过 RestTemplate 执行的请求的细粒度期望，并提供一种定义要发回的响应的方法，从而消除了对实际运行的服务器的需要。

尝试像这样设置测试：

@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {YourSpringConfig.class})
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
public class ExampleResourceTest {

    private MockMvc mockMvc;
    private MockRestServiceServer mockRestServiceServer;

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;

    @Autowired
    private RestOperations restOperations;

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();
        mockRestServiceServer = MockRestServiceServer.createServer((RestTemplate) restOperations);
    }


    @Test
    public void testMyApiCall() throws Exception {
        // Following line verifies that our code behind /api/my/endpoint made a REST PUT
        // with expected parameters to remote service successfully
        expectRestCallSuccess();

        this.mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/api/my/endpoint"))
            .andExpect(status().isOk());
    }

    private void expectRestCallSuccess() {
        mockRestServiceServer.expect(
            requestTo("http://remote.rest.service/api/resource"))
            .andExpect(method(PUT))
            .andRespond(withSuccess("{\"message\": \"hello\"}", APPLICATION_JSON));
    }


}

答案 2

这是另一种解决方案。简单地说，它只是创建一个新的bean并覆盖已经注册的bean。RestTemplate

因此，虽然它执行的功能与@mzc答案相同，但它允许我使用Mockito更轻松地制作响应和验证匹配器。

并不是说它不仅仅是几行代码，但它也防止了必须添加其他代码来从对象转换为上述方法的arg的字符串。ResponsemockRestServiceServer.expect().andRespond(<String>)

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = MainSpringBootAdapter.class)
@TestPropertySource("/application-junit.properties")
public class WacControllerTest {

    private static String Controller_URL = Constants.REQUEST_MAPPING_PATH + Constants.REQUEST_MAPPING_RESOURCE + compressedParams_all;

    @Configuration
        static class Config {
            @Bean
            @Primary
            public RestTemplate restTemplateMock() {
                return Mockito.mock(RestTemplate.class);
        }
    }

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @InjectMocks
    private Controller Controller;

    @Mock
    private RestTemplate rt;

    @Value("${file}")
    private String file;

    @Spy
    private DataProvider dp;

    @Before
    public void setup() throws Exception {
        dp = new DataProvider(file); 

        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();
        this.rt = (RestTemplate) this.wac.getBean("restTemplateMock");
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetResponse() throws Exception {

        String[] strings = {"request", "100"};

        //Set the request params from the client request
        Map<String, String> parameters = new HashMap<String, String>();
        parameters.put(Constants.PARAM_SINGLELINE, strings[0]);
        parameters.put(Constants.PARAM_FORMAT, Constants.PARAMS_FORMAT.JSON);

        Mockito.when(
            rt.getForObject(Mockito.<String> any(), Mockito.<Class<Object>> any(), Mockito.<Map<String, ?>> any()))
            .thenReturn(populateTestResponse());

        mockMvc.perform(get(Controller_URL, strings)
            .accept(Constants.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
            .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());

        Mockito.verify(rt, Mockito.times(1)).getForObject(Mockito.<String> any(), Mockito.<Class<?>> any(), Mockito.<Map<String, ?>> any());

        }


        private Response populateTestResponse() {
            Response  resp = new Response();

            resp.setScore(new BigDecimal(100));
            resp.setData("Some Data");

            return resp;
    }
}