我正在尝试根据我从“游戏程序员的AI技术”一书中学到的技术编写一种遗传算法，该算法在程序中随机生成的二维数组中对群体基因使用二进制编码和适应性比例选择（也称为轮盘赌轮选择）。
我最近遇到了一段伪代码，并试图实现它，但在我需要做的事情的细节方面遇到了一些问题。我已经检查了许多书籍和一些开源代码，并且仍在努力取得进展。我明白我必须得到总体适应度的总和，在总和和零之间选择一个随机数，然后如果数字大于父母来覆盖它，但我正在努力实现这些想法。
在实现这些想法时的任何帮助将不胜感激，因为我的Java已经生锈了。
以下是 GA 的完整概述。我确保非常详细，以便它可以很容易地编码为C / Java / Python / .。
/* 1. Init population */
POP_SIZE = number of individuals in the population
pop = newPop = []
for i=1 to POP_SIZE {
pop.add( getRandomIndividual() )
}
/* 2. evaluate current population */
totalFitness = 0
for i=1 to POP_SIZE {
fitness = pop[i].evaluate()
totalFitness += fitness
}
while not end_condition (best fitness, #iterations, no improvement...)
{
// build new population
// optional: Elitism: copy best K from current pop to newPop
while newPop.size()<POP_SIZE
{
/* 3. roulette wheel selection */
// select 1st individual
rnd = getRandomDouble([0,1]) * totalFitness
for(idx=0; idx<POP_SIZE && rnd>0; idx++) {
rnd -= pop[idx].fitness
}
indiv1 = pop[idx-1]
// select 2nd individual
rnd = getRandomDouble([0,1]) * totalFitness
for(idx=0; idx<POP_SIZE && rnd>0; idx++) {
rnd -= pop[idx].fitness
}
indiv2 = pop[idx-1]
/* 4. crossover */
indiv1, indiv2 = crossover(indiv1, indiv2)
/* 5. mutation */
indiv1.mutate()
indiv2.mutate()
// add to new population
newPop.add(indiv1)
newPop.add(indiv2)
}
pop = newPop
newPop = []
/* re-evaluate current population */
totalFitness = 0
for i=1 to POP_SIZE {
fitness = pop[i].evaluate()
totalFitness += fitness
}
}
// return best genome
bestIndividual = pop.bestIndiv() // max/min fitness indiv
请注意，目前您缺少一个适应度函数（取决于域）。交叉将是一个简单的单点交叉（因为您使用的是二进制表示）。突变可能是随机的简单翻转。
编辑：考虑到您当前的代码结构和符号，我已经在Java中实现了上述伪代码（请记住，我更像是c / c ++而不是java）。请注意，这绝不是最有效或最完整的实现，我承认我写得相当快：
个人.java
import java.util.Random;
public class Individual
{
public static final int SIZE = 500;
private int[] genes = new int[SIZE];
private int fitnessValue;
public Individual() {}
public int getFitnessValue() {
return fitnessValue;
}
public void setFitnessValue(int fitnessValue) {
this.fitnessValue = fitnessValue;
}
public int getGene(int index) {
return genes[index];
}
public void setGene(int index, int gene) {
this.genes[index] = gene;
}
public void randGenes() {
Random rand = new Random();
for(int i=0; i<SIZE; ++i) {
this.setGene(i, rand.nextInt(2));
}
}
public void mutate() {
Random rand = new Random();
int index = rand.nextInt(SIZE);
this.setGene(index, 1-this.getGene(index)); // flip
}
public int evaluate() {
int fitness = 0;
for(int i=0; i<SIZE; ++i) {
fitness += this.getGene(i);
}
this.setFitnessValue(fitness);
return fitness;
}
}
人口.java
import java.util.Random;
public class Population
{
final static int ELITISM_K = 5;
final static int POP_SIZE = 200 + ELITISM_K; // population size
final static int MAX_ITER = 2000; // max number of iterations
final static double MUTATION_RATE = 0.05; // probability of mutation
final static double CROSSOVER_RATE = 0.7; // probability of crossover
private static Random m_rand = new Random(); // random-number generator
private Individual[] m_population;
private double totalFitness;
public Population() {
m_population = new Individual[POP_SIZE];
// init population
for (int i = 0; i < POP_SIZE; i++) {
m_population[i] = new Individual();
m_population[i].randGenes();
}
// evaluate current population
this.evaluate();
}
public void setPopulation(Individual[] newPop) {
// this.m_population = newPop;
System.arraycopy(newPop, 0, this.m_population, 0, POP_SIZE);
}
public Individual[] getPopulation() {
return this.m_population;
}
public double evaluate() {
this.totalFitness = 0.0;
for (int i = 0; i < POP_SIZE; i++) {
this.totalFitness += m_population[i].evaluate();
}
return this.totalFitness;
}
public Individual rouletteWheelSelection() {
double randNum = m_rand.nextDouble() * this.totalFitness;
int idx;
for (idx=0; idx<POP_SIZE && randNum>0; ++idx) {
randNum -= m_population[idx].getFitnessValue();
}
return m_population[idx-1];
}
public Individual findBestIndividual() {
int idxMax = 0, idxMin = 0;
double currentMax = 0.0;
double currentMin = 1.0;
double currentVal;
for (int idx=0; idx<POP_SIZE; ++idx) {
currentVal = m_population[idx].getFitnessValue();
if (currentMax < currentMin) {
currentMax = currentMin = currentVal;
idxMax = idxMin = idx;
}
if (currentVal > currentMax) {
currentMax = currentVal;
idxMax = idx;
}
if (currentVal < currentMin) {
currentMin = currentVal;
idxMin = idx;
}
}
//return m_population[idxMin]; // minimization
return m_population[idxMax]; // maximization
}
public static Individual[] crossover(Individual indiv1,Individual indiv2) {
Individual[] newIndiv = new Individual[2];
newIndiv[0] = new Individual();
newIndiv[1] = new Individual();
int randPoint = m_rand.nextInt(Individual.SIZE);
int i;
for (i=0; i<randPoint; ++i) {
newIndiv[0].setGene(i, indiv1.getGene(i));
newIndiv[1].setGene(i, indiv2.getGene(i));
}
for (; i<Individual.SIZE; ++i) {
newIndiv[0].setGene(i, indiv2.getGene(i));
newIndiv[1].setGene(i, indiv1.getGene(i));
}
return newIndiv;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Population pop = new Population();
Individual[] newPop = new Individual[POP_SIZE];
Individual[] indiv = new Individual[2];
// current population
System.out.print("Total Fitness = " + pop.totalFitness);
System.out.println(" ; Best Fitness = " +
pop.findBestIndividual().getFitnessValue());
// main loop
int count;
for (int iter = 0; iter < MAX_ITER; iter++) {
count = 0;
// Elitism
for (int i=0; i<ELITISM_K; ++i) {
newPop[count] = pop.findBestIndividual();
count++;
}
// build new Population
while (count < POP_SIZE) {
// Selection
indiv[0] = pop.rouletteWheelSelection();
indiv[1] = pop.rouletteWheelSelection();
// Crossover
if ( m_rand.nextDouble() < CROSSOVER_RATE ) {
indiv = crossover(indiv[0], indiv[1]);
}
// Mutation
if ( m_rand.nextDouble() < MUTATION_RATE ) {
indiv[0].mutate();
}
if ( m_rand.nextDouble() < MUTATION_RATE ) {
indiv[1].mutate();
}
// add to new population
newPop[count] = indiv[0];
newPop[count+1] = indiv[1];
count += 2;
}
pop.setPopulation(newPop);
// reevaluate current population
pop.evaluate();
System.out.print("Total Fitness = " + pop.totalFitness);
System.out.println(" ; Best Fitness = " +
pop.findBestIndividual().getFitnessValue());
}
// best indiv
Individual bestIndiv = pop.findBestIndividual();
}
}
