未加权图形的最短路径（最少节点）

algorithm java graph shortest-path breadth-first-search

2022-09-04 07:41:45

我正在尝试构建一个方法，该方法在未加权图中返回从一个节点到另一个节点的最短路径。我考虑过使用Dijkstra的，但这似乎有点过分，因为我只想要一对。相反，我已经实现了广度优先搜索，但问题是我的返回列表包含一些我不想要的节点 - 我如何修改代码以实现我的目标？

public List<Node> getDirections(Node start, Node finish){
    List<Node> directions = new LinkedList<Node>();
    Queue<Node> q = new LinkedList<Node>();
    Node current = start;
    q.add(current);
    while(!q.isEmpty()){
        current = q.remove();
        directions.add(current);
        if (current.equals(finish)){
            break;
        }else{
            for(Node node : current.getOutNodes()){
                if(!q.contains(node)){
                    q.add(node);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (!current.equals(finish)){
        System.out.println("can't reach destination");
    }
    return directions;
}

答案 1

实际上，您的代码不会在循环图中完成，请考虑图 1 -> 2 -> 1。您必须有一些数组，您可以在其中标记您已经访问过的节点。此外，对于每个节点，您可以保存您来自的先前节点。所以这是正确的代码：

private Map<Node, Boolean>> vis = new HashMap<Node, Boolean>();

private Map<Node, Node> prev = new HashMap<Node, Node>();

public List getDirections(Node start, Node finish){
    List directions = new LinkedList();
    Queue q = new LinkedList();
    Node current = start;
    q.add(current);
    vis.put(current, true);
    while(!q.isEmpty()){
        current = q.remove();
        if (current.equals(finish)){
            break;
        }else{
            for(Node node : current.getOutNodes()){
                if(!vis.contains(node)){
                    q.add(node);
                    vis.put(node, true);
                    prev.put(node, current);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (!current.equals(finish)){
        System.out.println("can't reach destination");
    }
    for(Node node = finish; node != null; node = prev.get(node)) {
        directions.add(node);
    }
    directions.reverse();
    return directions;
}

答案 2

谢谢吉奥莱克瓦！

我重写了它，重构了一些：

已访问节点的集合不必是映射。
对于路径重建，可以查找下一个节点，而不是前一个节点，从而无需反转方向。

public List<Node> getDirections(Node sourceNode, Node destinationNode) {
    //Initialization.
    Map<Node, Node> nextNodeMap = new HashMap<Node, Node>();
    Node currentNode = sourceNode;

    //Queue
    Queue<Node> queue = new LinkedList<Node>();
    queue.add(currentNode);

    /*
     * The set of visited nodes doesn't have to be a Map, and, since order
     * is not important, an ordered collection is not needed. HashSet is 
     * fast for add and lookup, if configured properly.
     */
    Set<Node> visitedNodes = new HashSet<Node>();
    visitedNodes.add(currentNode);

    //Search.
    while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
        currentNode = queue.remove();
        if (currentNode.equals(destinationNode)) {
            break;
        } else {
            for (Node nextNode : getChildNodes(currentNode)) {
                if (!visitedNodes.contains(nextNode)) {
                    queue.add(nextNode);
                    visitedNodes.add(nextNode);

                    //Look up of next node instead of previous.
                    nextNodeMap.put(currentNode, nextNode);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    //If all nodes are explored and the destination node hasn't been found.
    if (!currentNode.equals(destinationNode)) {
        throw new RuntimeException("No feasible path.");
    }

    //Reconstruct path. No need to reverse.
    List<Node> directions = new LinkedList<Node>();
    for (Node node = sourceNode; node != null; node = nextNodeMap.get(node)) {
        directions.add(node);
    }

    return directions;
}