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如何使用 JPA 和休眠删除具有 JOIN 的实体

java mysql sql hibernate jpa
2022-09-04 20:35:16

我有以下实体：

enter image description here

我想使用JPA按用户的id和用户名删除WordSet。

下面是实体声明：

用户

@Entity
@Data
@ToString(callSuper = true)
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true)
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User extends AbstractModelClass {

    private String name;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String email;

    @ManyToMany(fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
    private Set<Role> roles;
}

用户词典

@Entity
@Data
@ToString(callSuper = true)
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true)
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class UserDictionary extends AbstractModelClass {

    @OneToMany(fetch = FetchType.EAGER, cascade = CascadeType.ALL, mappedBy = "userDictionary")
    private Set<WordSet> wordSets;

    @OneToOne(cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    private User user;

    @PrePersist
    private void addDictionaryToWordSets() {
        wordSets.forEach(wordSet -> wordSet.setUserDictionary(this));
    }
}

词集

@Entity
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true, exclude = {"studiedWords", "userDictionary"})
@ToString(callSuper = true, exclude = {"studiedWords", "userDictionary"})
public class WordSet extends AbstractModelClass {

    @NotBlank
    private String name;

    @NotBlank
    private String description;

    @ManyToMany(fetch = FetchType.EAGER, cascade = {CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.MERGE, CascadeType.REMOVE})
    private List<StudiedWord> studiedWords;

    @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
    private UserDictionary userDictionary;

    public WordSet(String name, String description, List<StudiedWord> studiedWords) {
        this.name = name;
        this.description = description;
        this.studiedWords = studiedWords;
    }

    public WordSet(Long id, String name, String description, List<StudiedWord> studiedWords) {
        super(id);
        this.name = name;
        this.description = description;
        this.studiedWords = studiedWords;
    }

    @PreRemove
    private void removeFromUserDictionary() {
        userDictionary.getWordSets().removeIf(this::equals);
    }
}

这是我的WordSetDao的一部分：

@Override
public Optional<WordSet> findByIdAndUsername(long id, String username) {
    return findOrEmpty(() -> entityManager.createQuery(
            "SELECT w FROM WordSet w " +
                    "WHERE w.userDictionary.user.username = :username AND w.id = :id", WordSet.class)
                                          .setParameter("id", id)
                                          .setParameter("username", username)
                                          .getSingleResult());
}

@Override
public void deleteByIdAndUsername(long id, String username) {
    entityManager.createQuery(
            "DELETE FROM WordSet w WHERE w.userDictionary.user.username = :username AND w.id = :id")
                 .setParameter("id", id)
                 .setParameter("username", username)
                 .executeUpdate();
}

findByIdAndUsername工作正常，但删除会引发以下异常：

org.springframework.web.util.NestedServletException: Request processing failed; nested exception is org.springframework.dao.InvalidDataAccessResourceUsageException: could not prepare statement; SQL [/* delete FKs in join table */ delete from word_set_studied_words where (word_set_id) in (select id from word_set where username=? and id=?)]; nested exception is org.hibernate.exception.SQLGrammarException: could not prepare statement

    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:982)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doDelete(FrameworkServlet.java:894)
    at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:654)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:846)
    at org.springframework.test.web.servlet.TestDispatcherServlet.service(TestDispatcherServlet.java:65)
    at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:729)
    at org.springframework.mock.web.MockFilterChain$ServletFilterProxy.doFilter(MockFilterChain.java:167)
    at org.springframework.mock.web.MockFilterChain.doFilter(MockFilterChain.java:134)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:317)
    at org.springframework.security.web.access.intercept.FilterSecurityInterceptor.invoke(FilterSecurityInterceptor.java:127)
    at org.springframework.security.web.access.intercept.FilterSecurityInterceptor.doFilter(FilterSecurityInterceptor.java:91)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:331)
    at org.springframework.security.web.access.ExceptionTranslationFilter.doFilter(ExceptionTranslationFilter.java:115)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:331)
    at org.springframework.security.web.session.SessionManagementFilter.doFilter(SessionManagementFilter.java:137)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:331)
    at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AnonymousAuthenticationFilter.doFilter(AnonymousAuthenticationFilter.java:111)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:331)
    at org.springframework.security.web.servletapi.SecurityContextHolderAwareRequestFilter.doFilter(SecurityContextHolderAwareRequestFilter.java:169)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:331)
    at org.springframework.security.web.savedrequest.RequestCacheAwareFilter.doFilter(RequestCacheAwareFilter.java:63)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:331)
    at io.github.solomkinmv.glossary.web.security.auth.JwtTokenAuthenticationProcessingFilter.successfulAuthentication(JwtTokenAuthenticationProcessingFilter.java:58)
    at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter.doFilter(AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter.java:240)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:331)
    at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.logout.LogoutFilter.doFilter(LogoutFilter.java:121)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:331)
    at org.springframework.security.web.header.HeaderWriterFilter.doFilterInternal(HeaderWriterFilter.java:66)
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:331)
    at org.springframework.security.web.context.SecurityContextPersistenceFilter.doFilter(SecurityContextPersistenceFilter.java:105)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:331)
    at org.springframework.security.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncManagerIntegrationFilter.doFilterInternal(WebAsyncManagerIntegrationFilter.java:56)
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:331)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy.doFilterInternal(FilterChainProxy.java:214)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:177)
    at org.springframework.mock.web.MockFilterChain.doFilter(MockFilterChain.java:134)
    at org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc.perform(MockMvc.java:155)
    at io.github.solomkinmv.glossary.web.controller.WordSetControllerTest.deleteWordSet(WordSetControllerTest.java:236)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
    at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:26)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:75)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:86)
    at org.springframework.restdocs.JUnitRestDocumentation$1.evaluate(JUnitRestDocumentation.java:55)
    at org.junit.rules.RunRules.evaluate(RunRules.java:20)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:84)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:252)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:94)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:191)
    at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
    at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:51)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
Caused by: org.springframework.dao.InvalidDataAccessResourceUsageException: could not prepare statement; SQL [/* delete FKs in join table */ delete from word_set_studied_words where (word_set_id) in (select id from word_set where username=? and id=?)]; nested exception is org.hibernate.exception.SQLGrammarException: could not prepare statement
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect.convertHibernateAccessException(HibernateJpaDialect.java:261)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect.translateExceptionIfPossible(HibernateJpaDialect.java:244)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.translateExceptionIfPossible(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:491)
    at org.springframework.dao.support.ChainedPersistenceExceptionTranslator.translateExceptionIfPossible(ChainedPersistenceExceptionTranslator.java:59)
    at org.springframework.dao.support.DataAccessUtils.translateIfNecessary(DataAccessUtils.java:213)
    at org.springframework.dao.support.PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.invoke(PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.java:147)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor.intercept(CglibAopProxy.java:656)
    at io.github.solomkinmv.glossary.persistence.dao.impl.WordSetJpaDao$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$48825a47.deleteByIdAndUsername(<generated>)
    at io.github.solomkinmv.glossary.service.domain.impl.WordSetServiceImpl.deleteByIdAndUsername(WordSetServiceImpl.java:128)
    at io.github.solomkinmv.glossary.service.domain.impl.WordSetServiceImpl$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$c3da160a.invoke(<generated>)
    at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invoke(MethodProxy.java:204)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$CglibMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(CglibAopProxy.java:721)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:157)
    at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor$1.proceedWithInvocation(TransactionInterceptor.java:99)
    at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:282)
    at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:96)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor.intercept(CglibAopProxy.java:656)
    at io.github.solomkinmv.glossary.service.domain.impl.WordSetServiceImpl$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$4b4a0f55.deleteByIdAndUsername(<generated>)
    at io.github.solomkinmv.glossary.web.controller.WordSetController.deleteWordSet(WordSetController.java:79)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.doInvoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:220)
    at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:134)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:116)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:827)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:738)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:85)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:963)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:897)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:970)
    ... 70 more
Caused by: org.hibernate.exception.SQLGrammarException: could not prepare statement
    at org.hibernate.exception.internal.SQLStateConversionDelegate.convert(SQLStateConversionDelegate.java:106)
    at org.hibernate.exception.internal.StandardSQLExceptionConverter.convert(StandardSQLExceptionConverter.java:42)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper.convert(SqlExceptionHelper.java:109)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.StatementPreparerImpl$StatementPreparationTemplate.prepareStatement(StatementPreparerImpl.java:182)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.StatementPreparerImpl.prepareStatement(StatementPreparerImpl.java:78)
    at org.hibernate.hql.internal.ast.exec.BasicExecutor.doExecute(BasicExecutor.java:78)
    at org.hibernate.hql.internal.ast.exec.DeleteExecutor.execute(DeleteExecutor.java:107)
    at org.hibernate.hql.internal.ast.QueryTranslatorImpl.executeUpdate(QueryTranslatorImpl.java:429)
    at org.hibernate.engine.query.spi.HQLQueryPlan.performExecuteUpdate(HQLQueryPlan.java:374)
    at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.executeUpdate(SessionImpl.java:1348)
    at org.hibernate.internal.QueryImpl.executeUpdate(QueryImpl.java:102)
    at org.hibernate.jpa.internal.QueryImpl.internalExecuteUpdate(QueryImpl.java:405)
    at org.hibernate.jpa.spi.AbstractQueryImpl.executeUpdate(AbstractQueryImpl.java:61)
    at io.github.solomkinmv.glossary.persistence.dao.impl.WordSetJpaDao.deleteByIdAndUsername(WordSetJpaDao.java:50)
    at io.github.solomkinmv.glossary.persistence.dao.impl.WordSetJpaDao$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$3577673c.invoke(<generated>)
    at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invoke(MethodProxy.java:204)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$CglibMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(CglibAopProxy.java:721)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:157)
    at org.springframework.dao.support.PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.invoke(PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.java:136)
    ... 98 more
Caused by: org.h2.jdbc.JdbcSQLException: Column "USERNAME" not found; SQL statement:
/* delete FKs in join table */ delete from word_set_studied_words where (word_set_id) in (select id from word_set where username=? and id=?) [42122-193]
    at org.h2.message.DbException.getJdbcSQLException(DbException.java:345)
    at org.h2.message.DbException.get(DbException.java:179)
    at org.h2.message.DbException.get(DbException.java:155)
    at org.h2.expression.ExpressionColumn.optimize(ExpressionColumn.java:147)
    at org.h2.expression.Comparison.optimize(Comparison.java:178)
    at org.h2.expression.ConditionAndOr.optimize(ConditionAndOr.java:130)
    at org.h2.command.dml.Select.prepare(Select.java:856)
    at org.h2.engine.Session.optimizeQueryExpression(Session.java:233)
    at org.h2.expression.ConditionInSelect.optimize(ConditionInSelect.java:117)
    at org.h2.command.dml.Delete.prepare(Delete.java:131)
    at org.h2.command.Parser.prepareCommand(Parser.java:259)
    at org.h2.engine.Session.prepareLocal(Session.java:561)
    at org.h2.engine.Session.prepareCommand(Session.java:502)
    at org.h2.jdbc.JdbcConnection.prepareCommand(JdbcConnection.java:1203)
    at org.h2.jdbc.JdbcPreparedStatement.<init>(JdbcPreparedStatement.java:73)
    at org.h2.jdbc.JdbcConnection.prepareStatement(JdbcConnection.java:287)
    at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor93.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.ProxyConnection.invoke(ProxyConnection.java:126)
    at org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.JdbcInterceptor.invoke(JdbcInterceptor.java:108)
    at org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DisposableConnectionFacade.invoke(DisposableConnectionFacade.java:81)
    at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy87.prepareStatement(Unknown Source)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.StatementPreparerImpl$1.doPrepare(StatementPreparerImpl.java:87)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.StatementPreparerImpl$StatementPreparationTemplate.prepareStatement(StatementPreparerImpl.java:172)
    ... 113 more

另外，而不是

DELETE FROM WordSet w WHERE w.userDictionary.user.username = :username AND w.id = :id

我尝试了以下查询：

DELETE FROM WordSet w 
WHERE w IN 
    (SELECT ws FROM UserDictionary u 
     JOIN u.wordSets ws 
     WHERE u.user.username = :username AND ws.id = :id)

它适用于我的H2数据库，但在MySQL上失败，但有以下例外：

java.sql.SQLException: You can't specify target table 'word_set' for update in FROM clause
    at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:964) ~[mysql-connector-java-5.1.40.jar!/:5.1.40]
    ...

我已经在谷歌上搜索了子查询和MySQL（一个，两个），但不知道如何用JPA制作这样的技巧。

那么，如何删除词集呢？我的实体映射有问题吗？

这是我的数据库模式，它看起来是正确的：

enter image description here


答案 1

此映射中有许多错误之处：

  1. 对每种集合类型使用 EAGER 提取比当前问题更成问题。您实际上是在使用任何给定的查询获取整个数据库。切换到 FetchType.LAZY 更好。

  2. 你说它适用于H2，但事实并非如此：

     Caused by: org.h2.jdbc.JdbcSQLException: Column "USERNAME" not found; SQL statement:
 /* delete FKs in join table */ delete from word_set_studied_words where (word_set_id) in (select id from word_set where username=? and id=?) [42122-193]
 at org.h2.message.DbException.getJdbcSQLException(DbException.java:345)

  3. MySQL不支持这种类型的查询：

     DELETE FROM WordSet w 
 WHERE w IN 
 (SELECT ws FROM UserDictionary u 
  JOIN u.wordSets ws 
  WHERE u.user.username = :username AND ws.id = :id)

  4. 在批量语句中禁止连接，如休眠用户指南中所述。

  5. 现在，根据要删除的条目数，批量删除可能是更好的方法，因为您可以防止丢失更新异常。

  6. 此处有一个互连实体的图形，因此批量删除可能无论如何都无济于事，因为如果不先删除子关联，则无法删除父记录。


答案 2

您是否尝试过在删除中加入常规联接？这里有一个类似的问题：在MySQL中使用Joilment删除

...虽然不是通过JPA，但有一个公认的答案，它显示了基于连接的删除的示例，但它似乎是MySQL特定的。

诀窍是在 delete 子句本身中指定实际的表，而不是在通过 JOIN 引用其他表时指定 from 子句。

我目前还没有设置针对mysql测试JPA。JQL 可能无法适应这种情况，但您可能使用本机查询来执行此操作。


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