用 Java 读取 MIDI 文件

java audio javasound midi

2022-09-01 07:37:14

我正在尝试阅读.MID文件到Java程序，并希望分离每个音符/和弦，以便将它们显示在某种UI上。我在Java中使用Sequencer API时运气不佳，并且尝试直接使用MidiFileReader也不适合我。如果有人想看，我会附上我在这里使用的代码：

package miditest;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.sound.midi.InvalidMidiDataException;
import javax.sound.midi.MidiSystem;
import javax.sound.midi.MidiUnavailableException;
import javax.sound.midi.Sequence;
import javax.sound.midi.Sequencer;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InvalidMidiDataException, IOException, MidiUnavailableException{
    Sequence sequence = MidiSystem.getSequence(new File("test.mid"));

    // Create a sequencer for the sequence
    Sequencer sequencer = MidiSystem.getSequencer();
    sequencer.open();
    sequencer.setSequence(sequence);

    // Start playing
    sequencer.start();
    }
}

答案 1

我从未深入研究过Java中的MIDI支持，我上一次认真玩MIDI编程是在Commodore Amiga成为王者的时候。

看起来您可能需要做很多手动工作。下面是一个粗略的示例，它解释所有NOTE_ON和NOTE_OFF事件，对于其余事件，它只打印命令编号。

它可能比人们最初想象的要棘手的原因是，MIDI专注于捕获乐器事件（例如，何时按下键盘键，何时释放等），而不是在乐谱符号上。

此代码为每个事件打印出一行，用刻度线（这是事件的计时信息）、通道、事件类型、注释名称、键、速度说明

import java.io.File;

import javax.sound.midi.MidiEvent;
import javax.sound.midi.MidiMessage;
import javax.sound.midi.MidiSystem;
import javax.sound.midi.Sequence;
import javax.sound.midi.ShortMessage;
import javax.sound.midi.Track;

public class Test {
    public static final int NOTE_ON = 0x90;
    public static final int NOTE_OFF = 0x80;
    public static final String[] NOTE_NAMES = {"C", "C#", "D", "D#", "E", "F", "F#", "G", "G#", "A", "A#", "B"};

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Sequence sequence = MidiSystem.getSequence(new File("test.mid"));

        int trackNumber = 0;
        for (Track track :  sequence.getTracks()) {
            trackNumber++;
            System.out.println("Track " + trackNumber + ": size = " + track.size());
            System.out.println();
            for (int i=0; i < track.size(); i++) { 
                MidiEvent event = track.get(i);
                System.out.print("@" + event.getTick() + " ");
                MidiMessage message = event.getMessage();
                if (message instanceof ShortMessage) {
                    ShortMessage sm = (ShortMessage) message;
                    System.out.print("Channel: " + sm.getChannel() + " ");
                    if (sm.getCommand() == NOTE_ON) {
                        int key = sm.getData1();
                        int octave = (key / 12)-1;
                        int note = key % 12;
                        String noteName = NOTE_NAMES[note];
                        int velocity = sm.getData2();
                        System.out.println("Note on, " + noteName + octave + " key=" + key + " velocity: " + velocity);
                    } else if (sm.getCommand() == NOTE_OFF) {
                        int key = sm.getData1();
                        int octave = (key / 12)-1;
                        int note = key % 12;
                        String noteName = NOTE_NAMES[note];
                        int velocity = sm.getData2();
                        System.out.println("Note off, " + noteName + octave + " key=" + key + " velocity: " + velocity);
                    } else {
                        System.out.println("Command:" + sm.getCommand());
                    }
                } else {
                    System.out.println("Other message: " + message.getClass());
                }
            }

            System.out.println();
        }

    }
}

例如，我躺在这里的毛皮elise.mid一开始就会产生这样的东西：

@0 Channel: 1 Note on, E5 key=76 velocity: 127
@192 Channel: 1 Note off, E5 key=76 velocity: 64
@192 Channel: 1 Note on, D#5 key=75 velocity: 127
@384 Channel: 1 Note off, D#5 key=75 velocity: 64
@384 Channel: 1 Note on, E5 key=76 velocity: 127
@576 Channel: 1 Note off, E5 key=76 velocity: 64
@576 Channel: 1 Note on, D#5 key=75 velocity: 127
@768 Channel: 1 Note off, D#5 key=75 velocity: 64
@768 Channel: 1 Note on, E5 key=76 velocity: 127
@960 Channel: 1 Note off, E5 key=76 velocity: 64
@960 Channel: 1 Note on, B4 key=71 velocity: 127
@1152 Channel: 1 Note off, B4 key=71 velocity: 64
@1152 Channel: 1 Note on, D5 key=74 velocity: 127
@1344 Channel: 1 Note off, D5 key=74 velocity: 64
@1344 Channel: 1 Note on, C5 key=72 velocity: 127
@1536 Channel: 1 Note off, C5 key=72 velocity: 64
@1536 Channel: 1 Note on, A4 key=69 velocity: 127
@1920 Channel: 1 Note off, A4 key=69 velocity: 64

更新：通道是 MIDI 规范的 16 个通道。

http://www.midi.org/techspecs/gm.php

通道：支持所有 16 个 MIDI 通道。每个频道可以播放可变数量的声音（复音）。每个通道可以演奏不同的乐器（声音/补丁/音色）。基于键的打击乐始终位于 MIDI 频道 10 上。

速度是用于控制声音的属性之一。例如，在键盘上捕获MIDI数据，这将是您按下键的力。通常它控制声音的音量。有关更多详细信息，请参阅此处：http://audio.tutsplus.com/tutorials/production/7-ways-to-use-and-edit-midi-velocity/

答案 2