双重检查锁定，无易失性总之需要volatile 按需初始化持有者
2022-09-01 13:10:14
我读了这个关于如何进行双重检查锁定的问题：
// Double-check idiom for lazy initialization of instance fields
private volatile FieldType field;
FieldType getField() {
FieldType result = field;
if (result == null) { // First check (no locking)
synchronized(this) {
result = field;
if (result == null) // Second check (with locking)
field = result = computeFieldValue();
}
}
return result;
}
我的目标是让延迟加载字段（不是单例）在没有 volatile 属性的情况下工作。字段对象在初始化后永远不会更改。
经过一些测试，我的最后一种方法：
private FieldType field;
FieldType getField() {
if (field == null) {
synchronized(this) {
if (field == null)
field = Publisher.publish(computeFieldValue());
}
}
return fieldHolder.field;
}
public class Publisher {
public static <T> T publish(T val){
return new Publish<T>(val).get();
}
private static class Publish<T>{
private final T val;
public Publish(T val) {
this.val = val;
}
public T get(){
return val;
}
}
}
好处是，由于不需要易失性，访问时间可能更快，同时仍然保持可重用的 Publisher 类的简单性。
我使用jcstress对此进行了测试。SafeDCLFinal按预期工作，而SafeADCLFinal不一致（如预期）。在这一点上，我99%确定它有效，但请证明我错了。使用 编译和使用 编译。测试下面的代码（主要是修改的单例测试类）：mvn clean install -pl tests-custom -amjava -XX:-UseCompressedOops -jar tests-custom/target/jcstress.jar -t DCLFinal
/*
* SafeDCLFinal.java:
*/
package org.openjdk.jcstress.tests.singletons;
public class SafeDCLFinal {
@JCStressTest
@JCStressMeta(GradingSafe.class)
public static class Unsafe {
@Actor
public final void actor1(SafeDCLFinalFactory s) {
s.getInstance(SingletonUnsafe::new);
}
@Actor
public final void actor2(SafeDCLFinalFactory s, IntResult1 r) {
r.r1 = Singleton.map(s.getInstance(SingletonUnsafe::new));
}
}
@JCStressTest
@JCStressMeta(GradingSafe.class)
public static class Safe {
@Actor
public final void actor1(SafeDCLFinalFactory s) {
s.getInstance(SingletonSafe::new);
}
@Actor
public final void actor2(SafeDCLFinalFactory s, IntResult1 r) {
r.r1 = Singleton.map(s.getInstance(SingletonSafe::new));
}
}
@State
public static class SafeDCLFinalFactory {
private Singleton instance; // specifically non-volatile
public Singleton getInstance(Supplier<Singleton> s) {
if (instance == null) {
synchronized (this) {
if (instance == null) {
// instance = s.get();
instance = Publisher.publish(s.get(), true);
}
}
}
return instance;
}
}
}
/*
* UnsafeDCLFinal.java:
*/
package org.openjdk.jcstress.tests.singletons;
public class UnsafeDCLFinal {
@JCStressTest
@JCStressMeta(GradingUnsafe.class)
public static class Unsafe {
@Actor
public final void actor1(UnsafeDCLFinalFactory s) {
s.getInstance(SingletonUnsafe::new);
}
@Actor
public final void actor2(UnsafeDCLFinalFactory s, IntResult1 r) {
r.r1 = Singleton.map(s.getInstance(SingletonUnsafe::new));
}
}
@JCStressTest
@JCStressMeta(GradingUnsafe.class)
public static class Safe {
@Actor
public final void actor1(UnsafeDCLFinalFactory s) {
s.getInstance(SingletonSafe::new);
}
@Actor
public final void actor2(UnsafeDCLFinalFactory s, IntResult1 r) {
r.r1 = Singleton.map(s.getInstance(SingletonSafe::new));
}
}
@State
public static class UnsafeDCLFinalFactory {
private Singleton instance; // specifically non-volatile
public Singleton getInstance(Supplier<Singleton> s) {
if (instance == null) {
synchronized (this) {
if (instance == null) {
// instance = s.get();
instance = Publisher.publish(s.get(), false);
}
}
}
return instance;
}
}
}
/*
* Publisher.java:
*/
package org.openjdk.jcstress.tests.singletons;
public class Publisher {
public static <T> T publish(T val, boolean safe){
if(safe){
return new SafePublish<T>(val).get();
}
return new UnsafePublish<T>(val).get();
}
private static class UnsafePublish<T>{
T val;
public UnsafePublish(T val) {
this.val = val;
}
public T get(){
return val;
}
}
private static class SafePublish<T>{
final T val;
public SafePublish(T val) {
this.val = val;
}
public T get(){
return val;
}
}
}
使用java 8进行测试，但至少应该与java 6 +一起使用。查看文档
但我想知道这是否有效：
// Double-check idiom for lazy initialization of instance fields without volatile
private FieldHolder fieldHolder = null;
private static class FieldHolder{
public final FieldType field;
FieldHolder(){
field = computeFieldValue();
}
}
FieldType getField() {
if (fieldHolder == null) { // First check (no locking)
synchronized(this) {
if (fieldHolder == null) // Second check (with locking)
fieldHolder = new FieldHolder();
}
}
return fieldHolder.field;
}
甚至可能：
// Double-check idiom for lazy initialization of instance fields without volatile
private FieldType field = null;
private static class FieldHolder{
public final FieldType field;
FieldHolder(){
field = computeFieldValue();
}
}
FieldType getField() {
if (field == null) { // First check (no locking)
synchronized(this) {
if (field == null) // Second check (with locking)
field = new FieldHolder().field;
}
}
return field;
}
艺术
// Double-check idiom for lazy initialization of instance fields without volatile
private FieldType field = null;
FieldType getField() {
if (field == null) { // First check (no locking)
synchronized(this) {
if (field == null) // Second check (with locking)
field = new Object(){
public final FieldType field = computeFieldValue();
}.field;
}
}
return field;
}
我相信这将基于这个oracle文档工作：
最终字段的使用模型很简单：在对象的构造函数中设置对象的最终字段;并且不要在对象的构造函数完成之前，在另一个线程可以看到它的位置写入对正在构造的对象的引用。如果遵循此命令，则当另一个线程看到该对象时，该线程将始终看到该对象的最终字段的正确构造版本。它还将看到由最终字段引用的任何对象或数组的版本，这些字段至少与最终字段一样最新。
