我有一个类似的问题,所以我在下面做了一个完整的可运行的答案。我需要做的是将类(C)传递给不相关类的对象(O),并在我请求类(C)时让该对象(O)发出类(C)的新对象。
下面的示例演示如何完成此操作。有一个MagicGun类,您可以使用弹丸类的任何子类型(Pebble,Bullet或NuclearMissle)加载。有趣的是,您加载了弹丸的子类型,但不是该类型的实际对象。MagicGun在拍摄时创建实际的物体。
输出
You've annoyed the target!
You've holed the target!
You've obliterated the target!
click
click
守则
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class PassAClass {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MagicGun gun = new MagicGun();
gun.loadWith(Pebble.class);
gun.loadWith(Bullet.class);
gun.loadWith(NuclearMissle.class);
//gun.loadWith(Object.class); // Won't compile -- Object is not a Projectile
for(int i=0; i<5; i++){
try {
String effect = gun.shoot().effectOnTarget();
System.out.printf("You've %s the target!\n", effect);
} catch (GunIsEmptyException e) {
System.err.printf("click\n");
}
}
}
}
class MagicGun {
/**
* projectiles holds a list of classes that extend Projectile. Because of erasure, it
* can't hold be a List<? extends Projectile> so we need the SuppressWarning. However
* the only way to add to it is the "loadWith" method which makes it typesafe.
*/
private @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes") List<Class> projectiles = new ArrayList<Class>();
/**
* Load the MagicGun with a new Projectile class.
* @param projectileClass The class of the Projectile to create when it's time to shoot.
*/
public void loadWith(Class<? extends Projectile> projectileClass){
projectiles.add(projectileClass);
}
/**
* Shoot the MagicGun with the next Projectile. Projectiles are shot First In First Out.
* @return A newly created Projectile object.
* @throws GunIsEmptyException
*/
public Projectile shoot() throws GunIsEmptyException{
if (projectiles.isEmpty())
throw new GunIsEmptyException();
Projectile projectile = null;
// We know it must be a Projectile, so the SuppressWarnings is OK
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked") Class<? extends Projectile> projectileClass = projectiles.get(0);
projectiles.remove(0);
try{
// http://www.java2s.com/Code/Java/Language-Basics/ObjectReflectioncreatenewinstance.htm
projectile = projectileClass.newInstance();
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
System.err.println(e);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
System.err.println(e);
}
return projectile;
}
}
abstract class Projectile {
public abstract String effectOnTarget();
}
class Pebble extends Projectile {
@Override public String effectOnTarget() {
return "annoyed";
}
}
class Bullet extends Projectile {
@Override public String effectOnTarget() {
return "holed";
}
}
class NuclearMissle extends Projectile {
@Override public String effectOnTarget() {
return "obliterated";
}
}
class GunIsEmptyException extends Exception {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 4574971294051632635L;
}