JIT 未优化涉及整数.MAX_VALUE 的循环
在编写另一个问题的答案时,我注意到JIT优化的一个奇怪的边界案例。
以下程序不是“微基准标记”,也不用于可靠地测量执行时间(如其他问题的答案中指出的那样)。它仅用作 MCVE 来重现问题:
class MissedLoopOptimization
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
for (int j=0; j<3; j++)
{
for (int i=0; i<5; i++)
{
long before = System.nanoTime();
runWithMaxValue();
long after = System.nanoTime();
System.out.println("With MAX_VALUE : "+(after-before)/1e6);
}
for (int i=0; i<5; i++)
{
long before = System.nanoTime();
runWithMaxValueMinusOne();
long after = System.nanoTime();
System.out.println("With MAX_VALUE-1 : "+(after-before)/1e6);
}
}
}
private static void runWithMaxValue()
{
final int n = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
int i = 0;
while (i++ < n) {}
}
private static void runWithMaxValueMinusOne()
{
final int n = Integer.MAX_VALUE-1;
int i = 0;
while (i++ < n) {}
}
}
它基本上运行相同的循环 ,其中极限一次设置为 ,一次设置为 。while (i++ < n){}
n
Integer.MAX_VALUE
Integer.MAX_VALUE-1
在 Win7/64 上使用 JDK 1.7.0_21 和
java -server MissedLoopOptimization
计时结果如下:
...
With MAX_VALUE : 1285.227081
With MAX_VALUE : 1274.36311
With MAX_VALUE : 1282.992203
With MAX_VALUE : 1292.88246
With MAX_VALUE : 1280.788994
With MAX_VALUE-1 : 6.96E-4
With MAX_VALUE-1 : 3.48E-4
With MAX_VALUE-1 : 0.0
With MAX_VALUE-1 : 0.0
With MAX_VALUE-1 : 3.48E-4
显然,对于 的情况,JIT做了人们可以期望的事情:它检测到循环是无用的,并完全消除了它。但是,当它运行到 时,它不会删除循环。MAX_VALUE-1
MAX_VALUE
此观察结果通过查看 JIT 程序集输出(从
java -server -XX:+UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions -XX:+TraceClassLoading -XX:+LogCompilation -XX:+PrintAssembly MissedLoopOptimization
日志包含以下程序集,用于运行到 以下版本的方法:MAX_VALUE
Decoding compiled method 0x000000000254fa10:
Code:
[Entry Point]
[Verified Entry Point]
[Constants]
# {method} 'runWithMaxValue' '()V' in 'MissedLoopOptimization'
# [sp+0x20] (sp of caller)
0x000000000254fb40: sub $0x18,%rsp
0x000000000254fb47: mov %rbp,0x10(%rsp) ;*synchronization entry
; - MissedLoopOptimization::runWithMaxValue@-1 (line 29)
0x000000000254fb4c: mov $0x1,%r11d
0x000000000254fb52: jmp 0x000000000254fb63
0x000000000254fb54: nopl 0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
0x000000000254fb5c: data32 data32 xchg %ax,%ax
0x000000000254fb60: inc %r11d ; OopMap{off=35}
;*goto
; - MissedLoopOptimization::runWithMaxValue@11 (line 30)
0x000000000254fb63: test %eax,-0x241fb69(%rip) # 0x0000000000130000
;*goto
; - MissedLoopOptimization::runWithMaxValue@11 (line 30)
; {poll}
0x000000000254fb69: cmp $0x7fffffff,%r11d
0x000000000254fb70: jl 0x000000000254fb60 ;*if_icmpge
; - MissedLoopOptimization::runWithMaxValue@8 (line 30)
0x000000000254fb72: add $0x10,%rsp
0x000000000254fb76: pop %rbp
0x000000000254fb77: test %eax,-0x241fb7d(%rip) # 0x0000000000130000
; {poll_return}
0x000000000254fb7d: retq
0x000000000254fb7e: hlt
0x000000000254fb7f: hlt
[Exception Handler]
[Stub Code]
0x000000000254fb80: jmpq 0x000000000254e820 ; {no_reloc}
[Deopt Handler Code]
0x000000000254fb85: callq 0x000000000254fb8a
0x000000000254fb8a: subq $0x5,(%rsp)
0x000000000254fb8f: jmpq 0x0000000002528d00 ; {runtime_call}
0x000000000254fb94: hlt
0x000000000254fb95: hlt
0x000000000254fb96: hlt
0x000000000254fb97: hlt
人们可以清楚地看到循环,比较和跳回到。与此相反,程序集对于它正在运行到以下情况:0x7fffffff
inc
MAX_VALUE-1
Decoding compiled method 0x000000000254f650:
Code:
[Entry Point]
[Verified Entry Point]
[Constants]
# {method} 'runWithMaxValueMinusOne' '()V' in 'MissedLoopOptimization'
# [sp+0x20] (sp of caller)
0x000000000254f780: sub $0x18,%rsp
0x000000000254f787: mov %rbp,0x10(%rsp) ;*synchronization entry
; - MissedLoopOptimization::runWithMaxValueMinusOne@-1 (line 36)
0x000000000254f78c: add $0x10,%rsp
0x000000000254f790: pop %rbp
0x000000000254f791: test %eax,-0x241f797(%rip) # 0x0000000000130000
; {poll_return}
0x000000000254f797: retq
0x000000000254f798: hlt
0x000000000254f799: hlt
0x000000000254f79a: hlt
0x000000000254f79b: hlt
0x000000000254f79c: hlt
0x000000000254f79d: hlt
0x000000000254f79e: hlt
0x000000000254f79f: hlt
[Exception Handler]
[Stub Code]
0x000000000254f7a0: jmpq 0x000000000254e820 ; {no_reloc}
[Deopt Handler Code]
0x000000000254f7a5: callq 0x000000000254f7aa
0x000000000254f7aa: subq $0x5,(%rsp)
0x000000000254f7af: jmpq 0x0000000002528d00 ; {runtime_call}
0x000000000254f7b4: hlt
0x000000000254f7b5: hlt
0x000000000254f7b6: hlt
0x000000000254f7b7: hlt
所以我的问题是:有什么特别之处可以阻止JIT以与优化相同的方式进行优化?我的猜测是,这与指令有关,该指令是用于有符号算术的,但仅凭这一点并不是一个令人信服的理由。任何人都可以解释这一点,甚至可能给出一个指向OpenJDK HotSpot代码的指针来处理这种情况?Integer.MAX_VALUE
Integer.MAX_VALUE-1
cmp
(题外话:我希望答案也能解释另一个问题中要求的不同行为,假设缺少优化的原因(显然)实际上是由循环限制引起的)i++
++i
Integer.MAX_VALUE