私有静态字段的设置值

2022-09-01 03:54:40

我想使用反射来设置私有字段的值以进行单元测试。

问题是,该字段是静态的。

以下是我的工作:

/**
   * Use to set the value of a field you don't have access to, using reflection, for unit testing.
   * 
   * Returns true/false for success/failure.
   * 
   * @param p_instance an object to set a private field on
   * @param p_fieldName the name of the field to set
   * @param p_fieldValue the value to set the field to
   * @return true/false for success/failure
   */
  public static boolean setPrivateField(final Object p_instance, final String p_fieldName, final Object p_fieldValue) {
    if (null == p_instance)
      throw new NullPointerException("p_instance can't be null!");
    if (null == p_fieldName)
      throw new NullPointerException("p_fieldName can't be null!");

    boolean result = true;

    Class<?> klass = p_instance.getClass();

    Field field = null;
    try {
      field = klass.getDeclaredField(p_fieldName);

      field.setAccessible(true);
      field.set(p_instance, p_fieldValue);

    } catch (SecurityException e) {
      result = false;
    } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
      result = false;
    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
      result = false;
    } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
      result = false;
    }

    return result;
  }

我意识到这可能已经在SO上得到了答案,但我的搜索没有发现它......


答案 1

基本上,问题在于您的实用程序方法,它假设您有一个实例。设置私有静态字段相当容易 - 它与实例字段的过程完全相同,只是您指定为实例。不幸的是,您的实用程序方法使用实例来获取类,并要求它是非空的...null

我会附和汤姆的警告:不要那样做。如果这是您控制下的类,我将创建一个包级别方法:

void setFooForTesting(Bar newValue)
{
    foo = newValue;
}

但是,如果您真的非常想用反射来设置它,这里有一个完整的示例:

import java.lang.reflect.*;

class FieldContainer
{
    private static String woot;

    public static void showWoot()
    {
        System.out.println(woot);
    }
}

public class Test
{
    // Declared to throw Exception just for the sake of brevity here
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
    {
        Field field = FieldContainer.class.getDeclaredField("woot");
        field.setAccessible(true);
        field.set(null, "New value");
        FieldContainer.showWoot();
    }
}

答案 2

只需传递对象实例参数。所以:null

field.set(null, p_fieldValue);

这将允许您设置静态字段。


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