SHA256与RSA和SHA256之间的区别，然后是RSA区别让它工作我是怎么做到的...

java rsa digital-signature bouncycastle

2022-09-01 04:23:21

使用以下两种方法计算签名有什么区别？

计算特征码Signature.getInstance("SHA256withRSA")
计算SHA256并计算摘要，以获得签名？MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256")Signature.getInstance("RSA");

如果它们不同，有没有办法修改方法2，以便两种方法都给出相同的输出？

我尝试了以下代码：

package mysha.mysha;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.Security;
import java.security.Signature;

import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;

public class MySHA256 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //compute SHA256 first
        Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());
        String s = "1234";
        MessageDigest messageDigest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");
        messageDigest.update(s.getBytes());
        byte[] outputDigest = messageDigest.digest();       
        //sign SHA256 with RSA
        PrivateKey privateKey = Share.loadPk8("D:/key.pk8");
        Signature rsaSignature = Signature.getInstance("RSA");
        rsaSignature.initSign(privateKey);
        rsaSignature.update(outputDigest);
        byte[] signed = rsaSignature.sign();
        System.out.println(bytesToHex(signed));


        //compute SHA256withRSA as a single step
        Signature rsaSha256Signature = Signature.getInstance("SHA256withRSA");
        rsaSha256Signature.initSign(privateKey);
        rsaSha256Signature.update(s.getBytes());
        byte[] signed2 = rsaSha256Signature.sign();
        System.out.println(bytesToHex(signed2));
    }

    public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
        final char[] hexArray = "0123456789ABCDEF".toCharArray();
        char[] hexChars = new char[bytes.length * 2];
        for ( int j = 0; j < bytes.length; j++ ) {
            int v = bytes[j] & 0xFF;
            hexChars[j * 2] = hexArray[v >>> 4];
            hexChars[j * 2 + 1] = hexArray[v & 0x0F];
        }
        return new String(hexChars);
    }

}

然而，产出并不相同。

以下是使用我的测试密钥的示例输出：

方法 1：61427B2A2CF1902A4B15F80156AEB09D8096BA1271F89F1919C78B18D0BABA08AA043A0037934B5AE3FC0EB7702898AC5AE96517AFD93433DF540353BCCE72A470CFA4B765D5835E7EA77743F3C4A0ABB11414B0141EF7ECCD2D5285A69728D0D0709C2537D6A772418A928B0E168F81C99B538FD25BDA7496AE8E185AC46F39

方法 2：BA9039B75CA8A40DC9A7AED51E174E2B3365B2D6A1CF94DF70A00D898074A51FDD9973672DDE95CBAC39EBE4F3BA529C538ED0FF9F0A3F9A8CE203F1DFFA907DC508643906AA86DA54DFF8A90B00F5F116D13A53731384C1C5C9C4E75A3E41DAF88F74D2F1BCCF818764A4AB144A081B641C1C488AC8B194EB14BC9D1928E4EA

更新 1：

根据mkl的答案，我修改了我的代码，但仍然无法正确。我还错过了什么吗？

package mysha.mysha;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.Security;
import java.security.Signature;

import org.bouncycastle.asn1.DEROutputStream;
import org.bouncycastle.asn1.nist.NISTObjectIdentifiers;
import org.bouncycastle.asn1.x509.AlgorithmIdentifier;
import org.bouncycastle.asn1.x509.DigestInfo;
import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;

public class MySHA256 { 
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //compute SHA256 first
        Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());
        String s = "1234";
        MessageDigest messageDigest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");
        messageDigest.update(s.getBytes());
        byte[] outputDigest = messageDigest.digest();

        AlgorithmIdentifier sha256Aid = new AlgorithmIdentifier(NISTObjectIdentifiers.id_sha256, null);
        DigestInfo di = new DigestInfo(sha256Aid, outputDigest);
        //sign SHA256 with RSA
        PrivateKey privateKey = Share.loadPk8("D:/key.pk8");
        Signature rsaSignature = Signature.getInstance("RSA");
        rsaSignature.initSign(privateKey);
        rsaSignature.update(di.toASN1Primitive().getEncoded());
        byte[] signed = rsaSignature.sign();
        System.out.println("method 1: "+bytesToHex(signed));


        //compute SHA256withRSA as a single step
        Signature rsaSha256Signature = Signature.getInstance("SHA256withRSA");
        rsaSha256Signature.initSign(privateKey);
        rsaSha256Signature.update(s.getBytes());
        byte[] signed2 = rsaSha256Signature.sign();
        System.out.println("method 2: "+bytesToHex(signed2));
    }
    public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
        final char[] hexArray = "0123456789ABCDEF".toCharArray();
        char[] hexChars = new char[bytes.length * 2];
        for ( int j = 0; j < bytes.length; j++ ) {
            int v = bytes[j] & 0xFF;
            hexChars[j * 2] = hexArray[v >>> 4];
            hexChars[j * 2 + 1] = hexArray[v & 0x0F];
        }
        return new String(hexChars);
    }
}

方法 1：675D868546777C5A9B5E74988E0CD41A46A929C1D0890B32B1FBE34F12D68F1FDB56E623294DB903F6AC60A2ADA61976B27C66056A16F5790A78168803AD2C685F9B4CF983C939305A9819CBA9D95441CD7214D40D06A98B4DDF9692A7D300DD51E808A6722A0D7C288DBD476DF4DEEBB3DAF41CFC0978F24424960F86F0284E

方法 2：BA9039B75CA8A40DC9A7AED51E174E2B3365B2D6A1CF94DF70A00D898074A51FDD9973672DDE95CBAC39EBE4F3BA529C538ED0FF9F0A3F9A8CE203F1DFFA907DC508643906AA86DA54DFF8A90B00F5F116D13A53731384C1C5C9C4E75A3E41DAF88F74D2F1BCCF818764A4AB144A081B641C1C488AC8B194EB14BC9D1928E4EA

答案 1

区别

使用 SHA256 哈希进行签名和计算 SHA256 哈希以及使用（= ）对其进行签名之间的区别是，在前一种情况下，计算出的 SHA-256 哈希值首先封装在结构中"SHA256withRSA""RSA""NONEwithRSA"DigestInfo

DigestInfo ::= SEQUENCE {
    digestAlgorithm DigestAlgorithm,
    digest OCTET STRING
}

在填充之前，然后加密，而在后一种情况下，裸SHA256哈希值被填充和加密。

如果它们不同，有没有办法修改方法2，以便两种方法都给出相同的输出？

首先，在使用进行签名之前，您必须将哈希值封装在结构中。DigestInfo"NONEwithRSA"

RFC 3447 第 9.2 节通过在注释 1 中指出

1. For the six hash functions mentioned in Appendix B.1, the DER
   encoding T of the DigestInfo value is equal to the following:
   ...
   SHA-256: (0x)30 31 30 0d 06 09 60 86 48 01 65 03 04 02 01 05 00
                04 20 || H.

让它工作

作为对上述部分的回应，OP用更新的代码更新了他的问题。然而，不幸的是，这对他来说还不起作用。因此

OP的代码

我执行了OP的代码（SignInSteps.java）。由于他没有提供私钥，我使用了自己的测试密钥（demo-rsa2048.p12）。结果：

GreenhandOriginal:
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

GreenhandUpdated:
method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
method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

因此，与OP的观察相反，在更新代码的情况下，签名相等。

不假设复制和粘贴错误，仍然可能涉及其他差异。

环境

我使用Java 8（1.8.0_20）进行了测试，添加了无限的管辖权文件和BouncyCastle 1.52，1.49和1.46（由于BC API的更改，测试代码进行了少量修改）。

OP在评论中提到：

Java 是 JRE 8 update 66。弹跳城堡是bcprov-jdk15on-153.jar。

因此，我更新了Java，仍然没有区别。

然后我把BouncyCastle更新到1.53。事实上，结果突然不同了：

GreenhandOriginal:
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

GreenhandUpdated:
method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
method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

有趣的是，只有更新代码中方法 1 的值不同。因此，我查看了该案例中的中间对象。

[BC 1.52]
hash: 03AC674216F3E15C761EE1A5E255F067953623C8B388B4459E13F978D7C846F4
algo: 2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.1
info: 3031300D06096086480165030402010500042003AC674216F3E15C761EE1A5E255F067953623C8B388B4459E13F978D7C846F4

[BC 1.53]
hash: 03AC674216F3E15C761EE1A5E255F067953623C8B388B4459E13F978D7C846F4
algo: 2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.1
info: 302F300B0609608648016503040201042003AC674216F3E15C761EE1A5E255F067953623C8B388B4459E13F978D7C846F4

因此，BouncyCastle 1.53以不同的方式对 DigestInfo 对象进行编码！1.52（及更低）中的编码是RFC 3447第9.2节所期望的编码。

查看 ASN.1 转储，可以看到 BC 1.52 将算法标识符编码为

 2  13:   SEQUENCE {
   <06 09>
 4   9:     OBJECT IDENTIFIER sha-256 (2 16 840 1 101 3 4 2 1)
      :       (NIST Algorithm)
   <05 00>
15   0:     NULL
      :     }

而BC 1.53创造了

 2  11:   SEQUENCE {
   <06 09>
 4   9:     OBJECT IDENTIFIER sha-256 (2 16 840 1 101 3 4 2 1)
      :       (NIST Algorithm)
      :     }

因此，在 1.53 中，算法参数完全缺失。这表示更改行

AlgorithmIdentifier sha256Aid = new AlgorithmIdentifier(NISTObjectIdentifiers.id_sha256, null);

自

AlgorithmIdentifier sha256Aid = new AlgorithmIdentifier(NISTObjectIdentifiers.id_sha256, DERNull.INSTANCE);

突然之间，它也可以与BouncyCastle 1.53一起使用，方法1和方法2的值一致！;)

TL;DR

在实例化时，不要将用作 SHA-256 参数，而应改用。nullAlgorithmIdentifierDERNull.INSTANCE

我是怎么做到的...

在评论中，OP表示他想知道更多关于

如何检查弹跳城堡的中间对象和

如何生成 ASN.1 转储。

所以。。。

...检查中间对象

很简单。首先我拆分了线

rsaSignature.update(di.toASN1Primitive().getEncoded());

在更新后的代码中作为

byte[] encodedDigestInfo = di.toASN1Primitive().getEncoded();
rsaSignature.update(encodedDigestInfo);

，然后添加控制台输出

System.out.println("    hash: " + bytesToHex(outputDigest));
System.out.println("    algo: " + sha256Aid.getAlgorithm());
System.out.println("    info: " + bytesToHex(encodedDigestInfo));

最后，我使用不同的BouncyCastle版本执行了代码。

...生成 ASN.1 转储

Peter Gutmann 有一个名为 dumpasn1 的著名实用程序，它已成为许多用于创建和显示 ASN.1 转储的命令行和 GUI 工具的内核。我目前碰巧使用GUIdumpASN-ng。

在手头的情况下，我将的内容保存到一个文件中（可以使用例如）并在GUIdumpASN-ng中打开这些文件。byte[] encodedDigestInfoFiles.write

答案 2

没有弹跳城堡，我调整了您的解决方案，使mkl的答案步骤******

import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.Signature;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateCrtKey;

import sun.security.rsa.RSACore;
import sun.security.rsa.RSAPadding;
import sun.security.util.DerOutputStream;
import sun.security.util.DerValue;
import sun.security.x509.AlgIdDSA;
import sun.security.x509.AlgorithmId;

public class MySHA256 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        String s = "1234";
        MessageDigest messageDigest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");
        messageDigest.update(s.getBytes());
        byte[] outputDigest = messageDigest.digest(); 
        //compute SHA256 first
        DerOutputStream out = new DerOutputStream();
        new AlgorithmId(AlgIdDSA.SHA256_oid).encode(out);
        out.putOctetString(outputDigest);
        DerValue result = new DerValue(DerValue.tag_Sequence, out.toByteArray());
        byte[] encoded = result.toByteArray();      
        //sign SHA256 with RSA
        PrivateKey privateKey = Share.loadPk8("D:/key.pk8");
        RSAPrivateCrtKey pkRSA = (RSAPrivateCrtKey)privateKey;
        int keySize = RSACore.getByteLength(pkRSA);
        RSAPadding padding = RSAPadding.getInstance(RSAPadding.PAD_BLOCKTYPE_1, keySize, null);
        byte[] padded = padding.pad(encoded);
        byte[] signed = RSACore.rsa(padded, pkRSA, true);
        System.out.println(bytesToHex(signed));


        //compute SHA256withRSA as a single step
        Signature rsaSha256Signature = Signature.getInstance("SHA256withRSA");
        rsaSha256Signature.initSign(privateKey);
        rsaSha256Signature.update(s.getBytes());
        byte[] signed2 = rsaSha256Signature.sign();
        System.out.println(bytesToHex(signed2));
    }

    public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
        final char[] hexArray = "0123456789ABCDEF".toCharArray();
        char[] hexChars = new char[bytes.length * 2];
        for ( int j = 0; j < bytes.length; j++ ) {
            int v = bytes[j] & 0xFF;
            hexChars[j * 2] = hexArray[v >>> 4];
            hexChars[j * 2 + 1] = hexArray[v & 0x0F];
        }
        return new String(hexChars);
    }



}