这些是 PEP 3107 中介绍的功能注释。具体来说,标记返回函数注释。->
例子:
def kinetic_energy(m:'in KG', v:'in M/S')->'Joules':
return 1/2*m*v**2
>>> kinetic_energy.__annotations__
{'return': 'Joules', 'v': 'in M/S', 'm': 'in KG'}
批注是字典,因此您可以执行以下操作:
>>> '{:,} {}'.format(kinetic_energy(12,30),
kinetic_energy.__annotations__['return'])
'5,400.0 Joules'
您还可以拥有python数据结构,而不仅仅是字符串:
rd={'type':float,'units':'Joules',
'docstring':'Given mass and velocity returns kinetic energy in Joules'}
def f()->rd:
pass
>>> f.__annotations__['return']['type']
<class 'float'>
>>> f.__annotations__['return']['units']
'Joules'
>>> f.__annotations__['return']['docstring']
'Given mass and velocity returns kinetic energy in Joules'
或者,您可以使用函数属性来验证调用的值:
def validate(func, locals):
for var, test in func.__annotations__.items():
value = locals[var]
try:
pr=test.__name__+': '+test.__docstring__
except AttributeError:
pr=test.__name__
msg = '{}=={}; Test: {}'.format(var, value, pr)
assert test(value), msg
def between(lo, hi):
def _between(x):
return lo <= x <= hi
_between.__docstring__='must be between {} and {}'.format(lo,hi)
return _between
def f(x: between(3,10), y:lambda _y: isinstance(_y,int)):
validate(f, locals())
print(x,y)
指纹
>>> f(2,2)
AssertionError: x==2; Test: _between: must be between 3 and 10
>>> f(3,2.1)
AssertionError: y==2.1; Test: <lambda>