使用内存中数据库为 Rest 控制器编写测试

java testing spring spring-boot

2022-09-04 20:35:02

我正在为Spring Boot Rest控制器编写测试。此 rest 控制器将一些值写入数据库。

我想使用Spring为此测试提供的内存数据库。根据此文档，我必须使用对测试类进行注释，这会导致此错误：@DataJpaTest

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext

在错误堆栈跟踪的更下方，我看到引发了以下异常：

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through constructor parameter 0; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'dataSource': Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to replace DataSource with an embedded database for tests. If you want an embedded database please put a supported one on the classpath or tune the replace attribute of @AutoconfigureTestDatabase.

这是我正在研究的测试类：

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
@DataJpaTest
public class AuthenticationControllerFTest {

    @Autowired 
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @MockBean
    private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext context;

    @Autowired
    private Filter springSecurityFilterChain;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(context)
                .addFilters(springSecurityFilterChain).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void testCreate() throws Exception {

        String exampleUserInfo = "{\"name\":\"Salam12333\",\"username\":\"test@test1.com\",\"password\":\"Salam12345\"}";
        RequestBuilder requestBuilder = MockMvcRequestBuilders
                .post("/signup")
                .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).content(exampleUserInfo)
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);

        MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(requestBuilder).andReturn();

        MockHttpServletResponse response = result.getResponse();
        int status = response.getStatus();
        Assert.assertEquals("http response status is wrong", 200, status);
    }
}

导致此错误的原因是什么？

编辑 1这是我的内容：application.properties

spring.datasource.username = hello
spring.datasource.password = hello
spring.datasource.driver-class-name= com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/myproject?useSSL=false

spring.jpa.show-sql=true
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
logging.level.org.hibernate.SQL=DEBUG
logging.level.org.hibernate.type=TRACE
logging.level.org.springframework.web=DEBUG

server.port = 8443
server.ssl.key-store = classpath:tomcat.keystore
server.ssl.key-store-password = hello
server.ssl.key-password = hello
server.ssl.enabled = true
server.ssl.key-alias=myproject

编辑 2

我添加了以下内容到我的：pom.xml

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.hsqldb</groupId>
    <artifactId>hsqldb</artifactId>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

我用以下内容创建：application-test.properties

spring.datasource.username= root
spring.datasource.password= password
spring.datasource.driver-class-name= org.h2.Driver
spring.datasource.url= jdbc:h2:mem:db;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1

什么是用户名和密码？我应该在哪里设置它们？
我还添加到测试类中，当我运行测试时，我收到一个错误，其中包括以下行：@ActiveProfiles("test")

Caused by: org.hibernate.HibernateException: Access to DialectResolutionInfo cannot be null when 'hibernate.dialect' not set

答案 1

假设您用对类进行注释，这将启用自动配置，并且您依赖于类路径（见下文），您将看到内存中的数据库依赖性，并且它将创建实现。默认连接 URL 为，默认用户名和密码为：用户名：sa 和密码：空。@SpringBootApplicationH2Spring BootH2javax.sql.DataSourcejdbc:h2:mem:testdb

应用程序.属性文件

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:h2:mem:tesdb;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1;DB_CLOSE_ON_EXIT=FALSE
    spring.datasource.driverClassName=org.h2.Driver
    spring.datasource.username=sa
    spring.datasource.password=

    spring.datasource.testWhileIdle = true
    spring.datasource.validationQuery = SELECT 1

    spring.jpa.show-sql = true
    spring.h2.console.enabled=true // if you need console

H2 依赖关系

    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
       <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
      <scope>runtime</scope>
   </dependency>

   <dependency> // If you need h2 web console 
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
   </dependency>

您可以访问 h2 控制台进行管理http://localhost:8080/h2-console

答案 2

要使用内存中数据库测试 REST 服务，您需要执行以下操作：
1. 在 pom 中添加 h2 依赖项.xml

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
    <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
    <scope>runtime</scope>
    <optional>true</optional>
</dependency>

2. 在 application.properties 或 application.yaml 中定义 h2 配置

spring.jpa.database = h2
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:hsqldb:mem:testdb
spring.datasource.username=sa
spring.datasource.password=
spring.jpa.database-platform=org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect
spring.jpa.show-sql=true
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=create

3. 为测试类添加注释

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)

完整的代码将如下所示：

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class AuthenticationControllerFTest {

    @Autowired 
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @MockBean
    private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext context;

    @Autowired
    private Filter springSecurityFilterChain;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(context)
                .addFilters(springSecurityFilterChain).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void testCreate() throws Exception {

        String exampleUserInfo = "{\"name\":\"Salam12333\",\"username\":\"test@test1.com\",\"password\":\"Salam12345\"}";
        RequestBuilder requestBuilder = MockMvcRequestBuilders
                .post("/signup")
                .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).content(exampleUserInfo)
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);

        MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(requestBuilder).andReturn();

        MockHttpServletResponse response = result.getResponse();
        int status = response.getStatus();
        Assert.assertEquals("http response status is wrong", 200, status);
    }
}