如何在Java中使用指针?
我知道Java没有指针,但我听说Java程序可以用指针创建,这可以由少数Java专家完成。是真的吗?
我知道Java没有指针,但我听说Java程序可以用指针创建,这可以由少数Java专家完成。是真的吗?
Java 中的所有对象都是引用,您可以像使用指针一样使用它们。
abstract class Animal
{...
}
class Lion extends Animal
{...
}
class Tiger extends Animal
{
public Tiger() {...}
public void growl(){...}
}
Tiger first = null;
Tiger second = new Tiger();
Tiger third;
取消引用空值:
first.growl(); // ERROR, first is null.
third.growl(); // ERROR, third has not been initialized.
混叠问题:
third = new Tiger();
first = third;
失去细胞:
second = third; // Possible ERROR. The old value of second is lost.
您可以通过首先确保不再需要旧的 second 值或为另一个指针分配 second 的值来确保此安全。
first = second;
second = third; //OK
请注意,以其他方式(NULL,new...)为second提供值同样是一个潜在的错误,并可能导致丢失它所指向的对象。
当您调用 new 并且分配器无法分配请求的单元时,Java 系统将引发异常 ()。这是非常罕见的,通常是由失控递归引起的。OutOfMemoryError
请注意,从语言的角度来看,将对象放弃到垃圾回收器根本不是错误。这只是程序员需要注意的事情。同一变量可以在不同的时间指向不同的对象,当没有指针引用旧值时,将回收旧值。但是,如果程序的逻辑要求维护至少一个对对象的引用,则会导致错误。
新手经常犯以下错误。
Tiger tony = new Tiger();
tony = third; // Error, the new object allocated above is reclaimed.
你可能想说的是:
Tiger tony = null;
tony = third; // OK.
铸造不当:
Lion leo = new Lion();
Tiger tony = (Tiger)leo; // Always illegal and caught by compiler.
Animal whatever = new Lion(); // Legal.
Tiger tony = (Tiger)whatever; // Illegal, just as in previous example.
Lion leo = (Lion)whatever; // Legal, object whatever really is a Lion.
C 中的指针:
void main() {
int* x; // Allocate the pointers x and y
int* y; // (but not the pointees)
x = malloc(sizeof(int)); // Allocate an int pointee,
// and set x to point to it
*x = 42; // Dereference x to store 42 in its pointee
*y = 13; // CRASH -- y does not have a pointee yet
y = x; // Pointer assignment sets y to point to x's pointee
*y = 13; // Dereference y to store 13 in its (shared) pointee
}
Java 中的指针:
class IntObj {
public int value;
}
public class Binky() {
public static void main(String[] args) {
IntObj x; // Allocate the pointers x and y
IntObj y; // (but not the IntObj pointees)
x = new IntObj(); // Allocate an IntObj pointee
// and set x to point to it
x.value = 42; // Dereference x to store 42 in its pointee
y.value = 13; // CRASH -- y does not have a pointee yet
y = x; // Pointer assignment sets y to point to x's pointee
y.value = 13; // Deference y to store 13 in its (shared) pointee
}
}
更新:正如评论中建议的那样,必须注意C具有指针算术。但是,我们在Java中没有。